Commodore Matthew C. Perry

Goal What were the impacts of Commodore Perry’s visit to Japan?

What Did the U. S. Want? Coaling stations. More trading partners. A haven for ship-wrecked sailors. Emperor wanted to keep foreigners out. Daimyo wanted war. Shogun decided on compromise: maintained the prohibition on trade but opened three ports (Nagasaki, Shimoda, Hakodate) to American whaling ships seeking provisions, guaranteed good treatment to shipwrecked American sailors, and allowed a United States consul to take up residence

The Treaty of Kanagawa - 1854 regarding each other as "barbarians" found a way to reach agreement. (treatment of shipwreked peoples) end of Japan’s period of seclusion (1639–1854). wo coaling ports for the Navy's new steamships and in protecting America's oil workers (the whalers). It wasn't until 1858 that the U.S. Consul at last achieved Perry's final objective: establishing a commercial treaty. The Kanagawa treaty was followed by the United States-Japan Treaty of Amity and Commerce, the "Harris Treaty" of 1858, which allowed the establishment of foreign concessions, extra-territoriality for foreigners, and minimal import taxes for foreign goods.

March 31, 1854 1. Peace and friendship between the United States and Japan. 2. Opening of two ports to American ships 3. Help for any American ships wrecked on the Japanese coast and protection for shipwrecked persons 4. Permission for American ships to buy supplies, coal, water, and other necessary provisions in Japanese ports.

An Unequal Treaty? Convention of Kanagawa 1854 – diplomatic relations Five years later – treaties with most European nations Some Samurai deeply resented (hated) these “unequal” (unfair) treaties forced on Japan

Japan Learns a Lesson In 1862, just before the start of the Meiji period, Tokugawa sent officials and scholars to China to study the situation there. A Japanese recorded in his diary from Shanghai… The Chinese have become servants to the foreigners. Sovereignty may belong to China but in fact it's no more than a colony of Great Britain and France.

1867 - Mutsuhito establishes a new Gov’t

Meiji Restoration 1868 -1912 Chronology 1573-1600, “Warring States” - Transitional Era 1635, Shogunate forbids Japanese to travel overseas 1639, Portugese ships forbidden; Japan closed to outside world 1641, Dutch Trading Mission is moved to Nagasaki 1600-1868, Tokugawa Period - Centralized Feudalism era 1853-54, Perry Mission to “open” Japan 1854, Japan concludes friendship treaties with U.S., Britain, France & Netherlands; three ports open to foreign trade 1868, Meiji Restoration 1877, Satsuma Rebellion 1881, Sale of government industries to new zaibatsau 1889, Meiji Constitution 1894-5,Sino-Japanese War, Japan becomes imperialist power 1904-5, Russo-Japanese War 1910, colonization of Korea 1912, emperor Meji dies

What was the Meiji Restoration? See Meiji Charter Oath

1st Meiji investigation of European and American institutions Included Meiji government ministers Sought info on technology, education, the army Were very impressed with Germany and USA – increased pressure for modernisation Iwakura Mission Iwakura Tomomi is wearing traditional clothes 1871-1873

Feudalism Abolished Mass education based on American system Samurai privileges abolished Samurai cannot wear swords in public Jobs open to all

The armed forces military conscription was introduced Western experts were imported to create new railways, armies, fleets, and industries Navy based on Britain’s Army based on Germany’s

Politics: the constitution An authoritarian constitution based on German model 1889, establishing the Diet (parliament) Only 1% could vote By 1871 the daimyo domains had been surrendered to the throne and turned into prefectures with governors The first diet convenes 1890

Oligarchy: the Genro Real power exercised by an informal Choshu and Satsuma oligarchy called the Genro They controlled politics and big business The Sat-Cho elite = oligarchs The Emperor “reigned but did not rule” despite the constitution There was reconciliation with Tokugawa loyalists, who were not executed after the Boshin war – many served in Meiji govts!

Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895 Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905

reinforce nationalism? Shinto How does Shintoism reinforce nationalism? This is a Buddhist monk – the basket hat allows him to be centred and undistracted by the world Shinto unified the country – emphasised the sacred nature of Japan and worship of the Emperor. Suited the purposes of the patriots Over 250 domains… what common culture,

Religion Shinto replaces Buddhism as the state religion Why? This is a Buddhist monk – the basket hat allows him to be centred and undistracted by the world Shinto unified the country – emphasised the sacred nature of Japan and worship of the Emperor. Suited the purposes of the patriots

Mitsubishi Kawasaki Economy: The Zaibatsu Zaibatsu: family businesses with close links with the government and military Diversified conglomerates Eventually the big 4 dominated over 50% of stock exchange Japan did not rely on foreign investment Mitsui Nissan

CAUSES> MEIJI RESTORATION> EFFECTS: -SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC UNREST -FOREIGN PRESSURE -DAIMYO AND SAMURAI REVOLT -STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT -BUSINESSES ADAPTED WESTERN METHODS -LEADERS ENCOURAGED INDUSTRIALIZATION -BUILT AND EMPIRE -EXTENDED INFLUENCE IN KOREA -CONFLICT WITH CHINA AND DEFEAT OF RUSSIA; EXPANSION OF INFLUENCE-IMPERIALISM OF EUROPEDCOPIED

Write a thesis statement in response to this question: “The Meiji restoration in Japan was not a true revolution because ordinary people played little part in the process of change” You have 10 minutes to reread your notes and write your thesis!