Key People Revision HNOJ NHAOLUC LMLIWIA WDEASR RYENH AYLC 1 POINT UNJUMBLE THE WORD 2 POINTS NAME AN EVENT THEY ARE INVOLVED IN 3 POINTS GIVE DETAIL ON THEIR ROLE IN THAT EVENT HNOJ NHAOLUC LMLIWIA WDEASR RYENH AYLC AESJM NBNCHUAA DVDAI IOWLTM HNOJ NROBW PHESNTA SLUODGA 42 POINTS AVAILABLE John Calhoun William Seward Henry Clay James Buchanan David Wilmot John Brown Stephen Douglas

Southern Political Leaders and Secession KNOW When the southern states seceded EXPLAIN Why the Southern States seceded EVALUATE Whether secession was inevitable Key Words: Secession Confederacy

Lincoln’s Election and Secession TASK: Use pp.90-91 to identify reasons why Lincoln’s election should not spark secession CHALLENGE: Find reasons why the South were outraged by Lincoln’s election on p.91 KNOW When the southern states seceded ANALYSE Why the Southern States seceded EVALUATE Whether secession was inevitable

Secession: Flow Diagram KNOW When the southern states seceded ANALYSE Why the Southern States seceded EVALUATE Whether secession was inevitable TASK: Use pp.91-100 to make notes on the process of secession in the south

Secession – South Carolina 10th November, South Carolina’s legislature called for elections to decide whether a convention should meet on 17th December. The convention would decide whether South Carolina would secede. 20th December South Carolina Convention voted 169-0 in favour of secession This created a chain reaction across the deep South. When Congress met in early December, 30 representative from 9 Southern States declared secession Individual states initially dedicated themselves to individual action, but it was clear that the South was committed to joint action (Congressmen in discussion) 4th February 1861 commissioners set to other southern states to propose a new government.

SLAVE POWER CONSPIRACY? Secession – Spreading Winter 1860-1: elections for conventions that would decide on secession took places Essentially ‘immediate secession’ or cooperationists (this group represented a range of opinions) South Carolina - 20th December 1860 – 169-0 Mississippi – 9th January 1861 – 85-15 Florida – 10th January 1861 – 62-7 Alabama – 11th January 1861 – 61-39 Georgia – 19th January 1861 – 208-89 Louisiana – 26th January 1861 – 113-17 Texas – 1st February 1861 – 166-8 SLAVE POWER CONSPIRACY? Republicans saw this as a SPC Few planters conned the electorate into voting for secession Planters did dominate, but debatable % for secession was greater where slavery was higher David Potter – acted democratically

Creation of the Confederacy Few American’s expected war in early 1861, nor did many Northerners think that secession was permanent 4th February – 50 delegated from seceded states met at Montgomery to launch a Confederate Government 8th February a provisional Constitution was adopted, the next day a Provisional Congress created a committee to draft a permanent Constitution This permanent Constitution was approved in March and ratified by all 7 Confederate states Difference from the Union constitution was defence of slavery and states rights 9th February Jefferson Davis is named provisional President, 18th February he took oath Provisional Congress: Passed major finance legislation, adopted a stars and bars flag, raised an army

The Upper South January 1861 the state legislatures of the upper southern states called elections for conventions to decide on secession Upper southern states were less secessionist than the lower southern states, and did not immediately vote for secession (Smaller stake in slavery) Less than 30% of the population was black Non-slaveholders questioned how the Confederacy would serve their needs Upper south had close ties with the North BUT distrust Lincoln and would put their southern affiliations first if he forced seceding states back into the Union

What did the USA Government do? Buchanan remained President until March 1861 Took no action against federal institutions across the lower south (e.g. post offices) Did not recall federal garrisons at Fort Sumter and Fort Pickens Congress met in December 1860 – Crittenden recommended the following Compromise Missouri Compromise line across to the Pacific Constitutional amendment promising no interference in those slave states Congress forbidden to abolish Slavery in D.C. Virginia Peace convention Feb 1861 133 delegates in Washington D.C. to try and get the lower Southern states back Came up with proposals similar to Crittenden – ignored by Congress and Confederacy

Was secession inevitable? We are going to have a class debate on whether secession was inevitable. One half will argue that it was inevitable, the other side that it was not. 1 point – give a reason 2 points – add factual detail to that reason 3 points – explain why the facts makes your reason valid 3 points – counter argue the other side -1 point – shouting out You have 10 minutes to prepare what you are going to say, it is worth making notes on what you expect the other side to say! KNOW When the southern states seceded ANALYSE Why the Southern States seceded EVALUATE Whether secession was inevitable

Flipped Learning Due next America lesson… Use pp.100-102 to create a mind map on Lincoln’s approach to Presidency up until his election. Cover - His position - His Cabinet - His arrival in Washington D.C. - His inauguration