Computers and Technology in Health Care Chapter 12

Spelling Words/Terms echocardiograph computerized tomography image-guided surgery pulse oximeter magnetic resonance imaging telemedicine ultrasonography positron emission tomography radiation therapy telepharmacies

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Diagnosis - determining what is wrong with the patient How is that done? Take a medical history Perform a physical exam May order tests

Diagnostics Invasive diagnostics - test or procedure entering the body (ex. IV, blood test) Noninvasive diagnostics - test or procedure that does not enter the body or require an opening in the body (ex. blood pressure, x ray, ultrasound)

Echocardiograph Directs sound waves into heart then computer converts the reflection of waves into an image of the heart. What is it used for? Evaluate heart function, shows defects in the heart wall or problems with heart valves.

Robotic Surgery Robotic Surgery - computer assisted surgery Surgeon operates or some maneuvers may be preprogrammed into the system and the surgeon supervises Benefits? More precise movements, decreased bleeding, faster recovery, incisions can be smaller

Robotic surgery ( computer-assisted surgery)

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Computerized Tomography Diagnostics CT scan Computerized Tomography Introduced in 1972 Noninvasive Uses X-ray to see clear, cross-sectional views

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnostics MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging Patient is placed on a large magnet that measures the activity of hydrogen ions inside the body and creates an image. Uses nuclear magnetic resonance instead of X ray radiation

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnostics MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging Who cannot have an MRI done? Patients with pacemakers or metal implants.

Positron Emission Tomography Diagnostics PET Positron Emission Tomography Radioactive substance injected into patient Three dimensional image detected Allows doctor to see organ or bone from all sides

Uses high frequency sound waves Diagnostics Ultrasonography Noninvasive Uses high frequency sound waves Can be used to detect tumors, blood vessel problems, examine shape and size of organs, used in pregnancy

Treatment Image-Guided surgery Preoperative and intraoperative images are used to guide or direct surgery Benefits - incisions are smaller, surgeons can see path of the instrument, avoid critical areas

Treatment Radiation Therapy Uses high energy particles to decrease the size of tumors and treat cancer Prior to using radiation therapy, CTs, MRIs, PETs taken to produce a detailed image of tumor and surrounding tissue May be used to cure cancer or used as a palliative treatment if cure not possible

Define Terms Pulse Oximeter (page 316) Telemedicine (page 320) Telepharmacies (page 320)

Technology use in different therapies - Ultrasound - physical therapists use as form of deep heat therapy, the sound waves use heat and gentle massage to Reduce swelling Increase blood flow Decrease pain, stiffness, muscle spasms

Technology use in different therapies - (continued) Hearing assistive technology help people with hearing impairments Amplification in phones,doorbells, alarms Hearing aids Cochlear implants Cochlear Implant

Technology use in patient monitoring - Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate Pulse oximeter (monitors oxygen level of blood) Fetal heart rate monitor Incubators for premature babies monitor temperature, humidity, oxygen levels, light therapy for jaundice ( yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes) Wrist or ankle bracelets with GPS for dementia patients

Checking a patient’s pacemaker by phone Communication Telemedicine - using video, audio and computer systems to provide medical care Checking a patient’s pacemaker by phone Patients can communicate with physicians from long distance Physicians electronically transmitting test results to another physician for consultation Telepharmacies - Prescriptions sent electronically to a computerized dispensing unit. The unit prepares and dispenses the medication and then it is mailed to patient or facility.

Computer Protection and Security How a health care worker can maintain confidentiality when using the computer Keep password confidential Do not let anyone else see keyboard when entering password Others should not be able to read screen when patient information is displayed Clear the screen before leaving the work area Do not download emails from unknown parties Discarded hard copies or printouts should be shredded