POWDER AND GRANULES FADHILAH FAIROZA FATIN HUSNA HHV 5014 NUTRACEUTICAL FORMULATION TECHNOLOGY POWDER AND GRANULES FADHILAH FAIROZA FATIN HUSNA

CONTENT Introduction of granules Advantages of granules Introduction of powder Particle size of powder Factor affected by particle size Particle size analysis Disadvantages Introduction of granules Advantages of granules Granulation methods Conclusion

introduction of powder Powder is a mixture of finely divided drugs and/or chemicals in dry form. Can be taken orally by some patients who are unable to swallow other solid dosage forms such as capsules and tablets. Powdered drugs are frequently added to other ingredient to make ointments, pastes, suppositories, and others.

particle size of powder Particle size of powders is standardized according to the USP descriptive terms Such as: very fine Fine moderately coarse Coarse very coarse. Leaves or plants which have bioactive compounds can be prepared in powder forms for extraction of the compounds. Animal pancreas may be prepared into powder to extract insulin.

Factor affected by particle size The dissolution rate of particles is dependent on the particle size. In suspension preparation, it is important to have a good suspendability (i.e., ability to maintain uniform dispersion in liquid vehicle) of particles. intrarespiratory applications- size range is 1–5 µm In dermal( ointment / cream)- use fine particle 50– 100 µm

Particle size analysis Light scattering Sedimentation rate Sieving Gas adsorption

Microscopy Coulter counter

disadvantages Misunderstand the correct method Difficult to protect powders containing hygroscopic from decomposition. Powder must be a homogeneous blend High cost of production to make uniform powder Undesirable to take bitter tasting drugs

granules

Introduction of granules Granules are agglomerates of powdered materials prepared into larger, free flowing particles. They typically fall within the range of 850 µm (No. 20 sieve) to 4.75 mm (No. 4 sieve) size. The shape of granules is generally irregular.

Advantages of granules Granules flow better than powders. Granules increase compressibility. more easily wetted by a solvent produce particle-size uniformity

Granulation methods Wet granulation Dry granulation Liquid binder or an adhesive that added to the powder mixture Dry granulation Formed by compacting large masses of the powder mixture and subsequently crushing into pieces. Fluid bed granulation Sprayed onto the suspended particles that are then dried rapidly in the suspending air.

Conclusion Powder dosage forms are versatile flexible in dosage strength relatively stable and also convenient to manufacturer, store ,handle and use. It is possible to reduce them to desired particle size and thus facilitate rapid absorption. Granulation is the act or process of forming or crystallizing into grains . It normally commences after initial dry mixing of the necessary powdered ingredients so that a uniform distribution of each ingredient through the mix is achieved.