Dysgraphia, Dyslexia, & O&W LLD Revised from: Berninger, Virginia; October 27, 2010 :Symposium on Working Memory. International Dyslexia Association Center, Phoenix, AZ DYSGRAPHIA: Primary area of difficulty in the orthographic system. Problems with motor memory & visual spelling patterns; may read well; poor spelling & handwriting; letter reversals; difficulty learning “sight” words; difficulty spelling short, abstract words; homophones. Poor writing skills. DYSLEXIA: Primary area of difficulty in the phonological system but may have orthographic weaknesses as well. Problems with word-level reading, spelling, fluency. Reading comprehension is reduced due to poor decoding & likely lower than oral language skills might predict. Poor writing skills. DYSGRAPHIA DYSLEXIA ORAL AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE LEARNING DISABILITY (OWLLD): This learner has difficulty decoding, recognizing words, spelling, and writing. In addition, has reduced vocabulary, grammar, & other language skills, impacting reading comprehension & written formulation. Nonverbal intelligence may be high. ORAL & WRITTEN LANGUAGE LEARNING DISABILITY

Visual-Spatial-Motor Intellectual Functions WISC-V = 100 TONI-4 = 106 Jane Doe 9 yrs.; 3rd WRAT-5 Read=90 Spell=79 Arithm=82 WJ-WS=81 WF=70 App=92 MF=69 GORT5=62 Rate=60 Acc=60 Comp=75 GSRT=71 TOWL3=83 Language Functions Visual-Spatial-Motor Functions WISC-V: Visual Spatial=108 Proc Speed = 65 VMI=84 Percept=111 Motor=91 JLO=113 So Cal: R/L=115 Clock Face=36 Trails A=104 Trails B=100 TVPS-3 Mem = 85 EXP: WISC-V Verbal Comp=106 COWA=90 An Nam= 109 BNT=106 / 113 REC: MAE Token=98 / Aural=93 Auditory Process: SCAN-C=83 FW=95 AFG=75 CW=90 CS=90 Executive Functions (Attn, Speed & Plan) CPT = Inattention WISC-V Process Speed=77 COWA=90 AN=109 WRAML N/L=105 FW=95 Clock=36 Trails 104/100 Visual Memory WRAML-2 Picture Mem=105 Design Mem=85 Finger Windows=95 Verbal Memory WRAML-2 WISC-V Story=110 Digit=95 VL=90 N/L=95 Sent=105 Ari=105 N/L=105

Mixed Phonological & Orthographic Dyslexia Jane Doe DOB: 11/24/09 CA: 9-1 Neuropsych Eval: 1/25/19 Speech/Lang Eval: 1/23/19 Phonological and Orthographic skills for word recognition, reading fluency, spelling, phonics WORD IDENTIFICATION Phonological System /k/ /a/ /t/ Orthographic System “C- A- T” (Visual System Underlying Writing & Spelling) CTOPP Phonological Awareness 100 SLOW Segmenting Nonwords 80 Phonological Memory 107 Rapid Symbolic Naming (RAN) 76 SCAN3-C 83: AFG 75 PAT-2 DECODING NONWORDS 91, SLOW TOC Orthographic Processing Conventions 81 Spelling Speed 80 Spelling Accuracy 67 Total Orthographic Ability 70 Boder Spelling SS = 68 60%/30% Auditory Processing Disorder Motor Dysgraphia Language System Receptive: WISC-V Verbal Comp 106 MAE Token Test (directions) 93 MAE Aural Comp. 98 Expressive: BNT Picture Vocabulary 106/113 Verbal Naming Fluency: COWA 90 Animal Naming 42 Food Naming 95 HISTORY Family hx of reading problems Early language delays IMPRESSION Deficits in phonological & Orthographic Systems, including PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS (accurate but slow), RAPID AUTOMATIZED NAMING, Difficulty with spelling patterns. DX: Mixed Phonological & Orthographic Dyslexia COMPREHENSION & USE

Orthographic System WORD IDENTIFICATION Phonological System NAME______________________DOB_______________________CA_______________________________________________________________________________ Phonological and Orthographic skills for word recognition, reading fluency, spelling, phonics WORD IDENTIFICATION Phonological System /k/ /a/ /t/ (Sound System specific to speech) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ __________________________________ _____________________________ _______________________ Orthographic System “C- A- T” (Visual System specific to letters/graphemes/symbols) ______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ __________________________________________ ________________________________ _________________________ Language System Receptive: __________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Expressive: _____________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Other: ________________________________________ _________________________________________ ______________________________________ ________________________________ HISTORY _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FINDINGS ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ DIAGNOSES __________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ COMPREHENSION