Applied Health Behavior Change Lecture 7

Overview Understand terms: health status, goal, category of behaviors, health behavior, and determinants Understand the relationship between health behaviors, health determinants, and interventions. + types of behavior change interventions & theories + re: assignment #1 option #2

Behavior Behavior must be an action that people can observe Four elements (Fishbein, 2008) Action Target Context Time Changes in any one of these elements changes the behavior, changes the underlying factors, and changes effective interventions

Health Behavior Health behaviors (e.g., 30min of daily running) Behaviors that are empirically, directly connected to the health status Different from a health status (e.g., normal weight) Different from goals & objectives (e.g., lose weight & burn calories) Different from a category of behavior (e.g., physical activity)

Health Behavior & Determinants Health determinants (e.g., access to exercise facility) “determinants” or “behavioral determinants” factor that is assumed to influence, cause, or contribute to some outcome We target determinants to induce change in behavior (NOT target behaviors directly)

Health Behavior & Determinants Health status Behavior Proximal determinants Distal determinants Theoretical Principles of Prediction Theoretical Principles of Change Intervention & Program

Proximal determinants Intervention & Program Practice… Behavior Proximal determinants Distal determinants Intervention & Program Pick a behavior Identify determinant(s) that affects the behavior Think of ways to alter those determinants

Behavior Change Interventions Educational Programs Regulatory Initiatives Advocacy Interventions Environmental Change Health Status and Monitoring Communication and Media Programs

Behavior Change Interventions Educational Programs Designed to increase knowledge or skills, and change attitudes. workshops lectures trainings brochures videos drama

Behavior Change Interventions Regulatory Initiatives Laws, ordinances, regulations designed to influence health behaviors.

Behavior Change Interventions Advocacy Interventions Focused on creating social change.

Behavior Change Interventions Environmental Change Activities designed to alter or control the legal, Social, economic, or physical environment (Cheadle et al., 1992)

Behavior Change Interventions Health Status and Monitoring Designed to facilitate an individual’s ability to assess their health status, health behaviors, and create an individual plan for changing behavior and improving health.

Behavior Change Interventions Communication and Media Programs Can be stand alone intervention Can be component of larger program Public Service Announcements (PSAs) are often educational media programs Example 1 Example 2 Other examples

Theories/Models: Examples Traditionally, behavior change interventions & theories focused on determinants like knowledge, attitude, and belief Example of theories/models of behavior change Health Belief Model (“HBM”) Social Cognitive Model (“SCM”) Transtheoretical Model (“TTM”)

Theories/Models: Examples Health Belief Model Belief must be supported before change occurs

Theories/Models: Examples Social Cognitive Model Proposes that three factors (social environment, thoughts/cognition, and individuals’ behavior) interact in a reciprocal fashion to promote and motivate change.

Theories/Models: Examples Transtheoretical Model Series of stages required until eventual change No intention to change Think need for change Close to taking action; may have a plan Follow action plan Continue + make permanent

Take-Away Points Theoretical Principles of Prediction Health status Behavior Proximal determinants Distal determinants Theoretical Principles of Prediction Theoretical Principles of Change Intervention & Program

Announcement Assignment #1 grades posted on Canvas Come to office hours for grade discussions Discussion of assignment #1, option #2

Additional Resource (re: assignment #1) Common citation formats APA guideline AMA guidelines Finding academic articles Common database (MEDLINE, ERIC, Web of Science, etc.) MU library composite search engine Google Scholar

Additional Resource (re: assignment #1) What makes one study better than another? Author’s credentials & experience Date of publication Study design (sample size, follow-up length, statistical methods & causality) Potential conflict of interest Journal index status? Impact factor?