Lab 15: Reproductive System Dr. Kim Wilson

Lab Manual Reference Lab exercise 42, pg. 629

PART A: ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Using the torsos (inserts) and pelvis models locate as many as possible of the following structures from the lists, "Major Structures of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems." Use your textbook for reference. 2. Answer related questions on the Questions Sheet.

MAJOR STRUCTURES OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ESSENTIAL ORGANS ‑Testes ACCESSORY ORGANS Genital Ducts ‑Epididymides (Epididymis) ‑Vasa Deferentia (Vas Deferens) ‑Ejaculatory Ducts ‑Urethra Accessory Glands ‑Seminal Vesicles ‑Prostate Gland ‑Bulbourethral (Cowper's) Glands Supporting Structures ‑Scrotum ‑Penis ‑Spermatic Cords

MAJOR STRUCTURES OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ESSENTIAL ORGANS ‑Ovaries ACCESSORY ORGANS ‑Genital Ducts ‑Fallopian (Uterine) Tubes: Fimbriae ‑Uterus: Body (& Fundus), Cervix ‑Vagina ‑Accessory Glands ‑Bartholin's Glands ‑Skene's Glands ‑Mammary Glands ‑Supporting Structures ‑Vulva

PART B: ANATOMY OF THE CAT REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Obtain your assigned cat and locate each of the structures from the lists, "Major Structures of the Male and Female Cat Reproductive Systems." Use your lab manual (Color Photo Gallery) and the Rust Manual for reference. 2. Answer related questions on the Questions Sheet.

MAJOR STRUCTURES OF THE FEMALE CAT REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ESSENTIAL ORGANS ‑Ovaries ACCESSORY ORGANS ‑Gential Ducts ‑Fallopian (Uterine) Tubes ‑Uterus: Horn, Body ‑Vagina ‑Urogenital Sinus (Urogenital Opening) ‑Accessory Glands ‑Mammary Glands ‑Supporting Structures ‑Vulva

MAJOR STRUCTURES OF THE MALE CAT REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ESSENTIAL ORGANS ‑Testes ACCESSORY ORGANS ‑Gential Ducts ‑Epididymides (Epididymis) ‑Vasa Deferentia (Vas Deferens) ‑Urethra (Urogenital Opening) ‑Accessory Glands ‑Prostate Gland ‑Bulbourethral Glands ‑Supporting Structures ‑Scrotum ‑Penis ‑Spermatic Cords

PART C: ANATOMY OF THE PREGNANT CAT INTRODUCTION: Embryology is the science of the development of an individual before birth. It is extremely complex, and here only the major stages are covered. These stages can be outlined as follows: 1. Preliminary Processes: Necessary Before Fertilization Can Occur a. Maturation of Sex Cells (by Meiosis): Reducing (by half) the number of chromosomes in mature sex cells (sperm & ovum) b. Ovulation: Expulsion of the mature ovum into the pelvic cavity and (eventually) the fallopian tube c. Insemination: Expulsion of the seminal fluid from male urethra into female vagina 2. Fertilization: Union of male & female sex cells Zygote: The new single‑celled individual

3. Cleavage & Implantation: a. Cleavage: Cell multiplication by mitosis ‑Morula: Solid spherical "ball" of cells ‑Blastocyst: Hollow ball of cells with a cluster of cells attached at one point b. Implantation: Morula embeds itself in endometrium 4. Development of Placenta: Placenta is formed from both fetal & maternal tissues; Provides a structure for the transfer of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, etc. 5. Differentiation: Formation of the primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) which will give rise to definite structures in the new individual

6. Histogenesis: Formation of various tissues from the primary germ layers 7. Organogenesis: Formation of various organs by rearrangements of tissues ie, fusion, shiftings, foldings, etc. 8. Growth: In the human, by 4 months of development in the uterus, every major organ system is formed and functioning; at this point, development is mainly a matter of growth (increase in size)

INSTRUCTIONS: NOTE: You must already be familiar with the anatomy of the female cat reproductive system before you complete this section. 1. Work in small groups and follow the procedure indicated below. 2. Answer related questions on the Questions Sheet.

PROCEDURE: 1. Locate the nipples and feel for any enlargement of the mammary tissue. Compare the nipples of the pregnant cat to the nipples of the nonpregnant cat. 2. Locate the uterine horns. (Each horn has been previously opened.) Observe the size differences in the uterine horns of the pregnant & nonpregnant cats. 3. Note the increased blood supply to the uterine wall. Compare uterine wall blood supply in both the pregnant and nonpregnant cats. 4. Observe how the fetuses are arranged in each horn. Also note the thickened endometrium wrapped around each fetus. Do not remove any of the fetuses from the uterus; however, observe fetuses which have been previously removed for the following structures: a. Membranes (2 that surround the fetus) b. Umbilical Cord c. Placenta (Contact Placenta: Blood Vessels attached to Endometrium)