Categories of Networks

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Presentation transcript:

Categories of Networks Computer Networks Al-Mustansiryah University Elec. Eng. Department College of Engineering Fourth Year Class Lec 3 Categories of Networks 1.#

Categories of Networks Local Area Networks (LANs) Short distances Designed to provide local interconnectivity Wide Area Networks (WANs) Long distances Provide connectivity over large areas Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) Provide connectivity over areas such as a city, a campus 1.#

Figure 1.10 An isolated LAN connecting 12 computers to a hub in a closet 1.#

Figure 1.11 WANs: a switched WAN and a point-to-point WAN 1.#

1-4 PROTOCOLS A protocol is synonymous with rule. It consists of a set of rules that govern data communications. It determines what is communicated, how it is communicated and when it is communicated. The key elements of a protocol are syntax, semantics and timing 1.#

Peer-to-Peer Networks Peer-to-peer network is also called workgroup No hierarchy among computers  all are equal No administrator responsible for the network Peer-to-peer

Advantages of peer-to-peer networks: Low cost Simple to configure User has full accessibility of the computer Disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks: May have duplication in resources Difficult to uphold security policy Where peer-to-peer network is appropriate: 10 or less users No specialized services required Security is not an issue

Clients and Servers Network Clients (Workstation) Computers that request network resources or services Network Servers Computers that manage and provide network resources and services to clients Usually have more processing power, memory and hard disk space than clients Run Network Operating System that can manage not only data, but also users, groups, security, and applications on the network.

Advantages of client/server networks Facilitate resource sharing – centrally administrate and control Facilitate system backup and improve fault tolerance Enhance security – only administrator can have access to Server Support more users – difficult to achieve with peer-to-peer networks Disadvantages of client/server networks High cost for Servers Need expert to configure the network Introduce a single point of failure to the system