Russia.

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Russia: Reform & Reaction

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Presentation transcript:

Russia

What is Russia like in the 1800s? Largest, highest population in Europe Part Asian and part European

Dilemma Does Russia give up autocratic govt., so it can advance economically? What does it have to do to do this?

Social Structure Nobles control land Want old order Serfs bound to land Why improve?

Fear stops change Kings stop change when the nobles stop support

Crimean War Russia fails in taking Crimea from Ottomans – Epic Fail (sorry)

Response to Crimean failure Protests for change 1861 – serfs freed (date ring a bell?) Moved to cities – land too small and $$ Zemstvos – elected assemblies Local level self-government Trial by jury Eased up on censorship Encouraged industry

Alexander II assassinated Pushed too far, so took back reforms Socialists agitated workers Radicals responded

Alexander III More oppressive Secret police root out liberals Censorship Exiles to Siberia Russification – suppress culture of nonRussians (fair?) Persecuted (guess who)

Alexander III

Attacks on Jews Limits on education and those in professions Pogroms – mob attacks on Jews Became refugees – fled homeland – went to US

Industrialization Nicholas II

How industrialized Railroads (failure in Crimea) Foreign capital Trans-Siberian Railroad Same problems faced as Europe Socialism workers Nobles cities

Bloody Sunday

Fought over? Constant loses in Russo-Japanese war Workers – better wages, hours Constitution Government reforms

What they wanted Marchers in St. Petersburg went to Tsar’s Winter Palace - petition for freedom and justice

Results Tsar feared and escaped Soldiers shot at crowd People lost faith in Tsar

Aftermath Strikes, revolts throughout Russia Took over government Took land Nationalism Assassinations Nicholas calls Duma (Assembly) to make changes

Results Moderates happen with call for changes Socialist wanted more, now Protestors argued

Peter Stolypin Prime Minister – brought back pogroms and executions Land reforms Improved education Too little, too late 1911 – assassinated 1914 – WWI 1917 – Russian Revolution, Nicholas assassinated