V. Morel, Ph.D., A. Merçay, M.Sc., T.M. Quinn, Ph.D.

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Presentation transcript:

Prestrain decreases cartilage susceptibility to injury by ramp compression in vitro V. Morel, Ph.D., A. Merçay, M.Sc., T.M. Quinn, Ph.D. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 13, Issue 11, Pages 964-970 (November 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2005.06.016 Copyright © 2005 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 (a) The loading protocol consisted of a non-injurious ramp prestrain to 0, 5, 10, 25 or 50%, mechanical relaxation to load equilibrium for 15min, and a single injurious ramp compression. (b) Mechanical parameters determined from measured stress–strain relationships included equilibrium modulus (Eeq=σeq/ɛeq), dynamic moduli (Edyn) near stresses of 3.5 and 14MPa, and maximum strain (ɛmax). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13, 964-970DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2005.06.016) Copyright © 2005 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 (a) Equilibrium moduli at the end of the relaxation period following prestrain (n=39–62). ★: P<0.05; lines indicate data between which significant differences were observed. (b) Normalized water loss in controls subjected to prestrain plus relaxation (white) and during the full loading protocol including injurious compression at ɛ˙N=10 (gray) and 100 (black) to 14MPa (n=8–13). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13, 964-970DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2005.06.016) Copyright © 2005 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 (a) Mean stress–strain relationships (n=8–12) for injurious compression after no prestrain (white), 25% prestrain (gray) and 50% prestrain (black). Squares and circles indicate compression at normalized strain rates (ɛ˙N) of 10 and 100, respectively. (b) Dynamic moduli determined from the mean slope of stress–strain curves between 12 and 14MPa (n=8–13). Prestrain (%) is indicated on the bars. ★: P<0.05; lines indicate data between which significant differences were observed. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13, 964-970DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2005.06.016) Copyright © 2005 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Confocal microscopy images of cell viability within the cartilage layer of osteochondral explants. The articular surface is at the top of each image and the tidemark at the bottom. (a) Uncompressed controls exhibited viable cells throughout all tissue zones and an intact articular surface. Injurious compression at ɛ˙N=100to14MPa after (b) 0% and (c) 5% prestrain often resulted in cracks in the superficial zone (white arrows) and associated decreases in cell viability, (d) 10% prestrain appeared to decrease the severity of cell and matrix injury for the same injurious compression parameters. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13, 964-970DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2005.06.016) Copyright © 2005 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 (a) Fraction of explants exhibiting macroscopic superficial cracks after injurious compression at normalized strain rates (ɛ˙N) of 10 (gray) and 100 (black) to 14MPa (n=9–12). (b) Cell viability in uncompressed controls (white) and after injurious compression at ɛ˙N=100to14MPa (black), as quantified by area fraction containing viable cells on confocal images (n=6–7). ★: P<0.05; lines indicate data between which significant differences were observed. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13, 964-970DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2005.06.016) Copyright © 2005 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions