Why Open Access is important: rationale and background to RCUK policy Bill Hubbard Centre for Research Communications, LRLR Tuesday, April 30, 2019 RCUK Policy on Open Access to research outputs, Arts Faculty Briefing, EMCC, 13th February 2013

What is Open Access? Making research articles available to everyone Removing barriers based on ability to pay to read Facilitating re-use, so more people can use, cite and build on research

Drivers Researchers need access to articles Prices rise faster than inflation: budgets do not Publicly funded research is unavailable to the public Author’s benefits of increased citation and use The old system was breaking and unsustainable - the internet gave us the chance to evolve Harvard announced last year it could not afford all of the journals it needed NHS-funded research articles : (90%) of the resulting research articles exist in online full text form, less than a third (30%) of the online full texts are accessible to the general public immediately upon publication. Only 40% of the online full texts are immediately accessible to NHS staff. Open Access Greater availability and wider readership Increased citations New contacts and research possibilities Information management REF and evaluation As resource for academic services Support for new forms and systems of research communication and collaboration

Achieving Open Access Repositories Journals Complementary approaches Institutional Subject-based Journals Open Access Journals Hybrid journals Complementary approaches “Sticking it on the web” and why that is not a good idea So-called “Gold” and “Green”

What Open Access is not A subversion of peer-review A replacement for publication An invitation to plagiarism An attack on copyright

Where we are so far . . . Repositories Journals Funder policies 2260 worldwide, 209 UK-based Journals 8622 journals worldwide - plus hybrids Funder policies Publications: 81, Data: 32, OA Journals: 49 Institutional policies 163 policies reported, plus etheses Services and processes in place Sources: Repositories, OpenDOAR; Journals, DOAJ; Policies, JULIET. Accessed: 12.02.13

Governmental and RCUK adoption Parliamentary Inquiry, 2004 NIH, first version 2005 RCUK Policy, first version in 2006 European Commission, developments from 2007 Willetts’ speech to Publishers Association, May 2012 Finch Report, June 2012 RCUK Policy, from April 2013 REF 2020 Willetts Speech. 2 May 2012, Publishers Association annual general meeting, London https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/public-access-to-publicly-funded-research “Our starting point is very simple. The Coalition is committed to the principle of public access to publicly-funded research results. That is where both technology and contemporary culture are taking us. It is how we can maximise the value and impact generated by our excellent research base. As taxpayers put their money towards intellectual enquiry, they cannot be barred from then accessing it. “ “Separately, a report this year from the US Committee for Economic Development has concluded that the US National Institute of Health’s policy of open access after one year has accelerated scientific progress and the transition from basic research to commercialisation; generated more follow-on research and more citations; and reduced duplicate or dead-end lines of inquiry - so increasing the US government’s return on its investment in research. The researcher Philip Davis, meanwhile, has found that when publishers randomly made certain articles open access on journal websites, readership increased by up to 250% compared to protected articles. “ RCUK - 2006 version required OA archiving For example: AHRC Whether to Archive: * Requires deposition in Open Access archives What to Archive: * Peer-reviewed publications, Conference papers * Unspecified version * Unspecified format When to Archive:* At the earliest possible opportunity * Metadata must be deposited at the date of publication  Where to Archive: In any appropriate repository (Required)  Archiving Conditions: * Publisher's copyright, licensing & * embargo policies must be respected * Metadata must include a link to the publisher's website

University response University Repository in 2001 University Publication Fund in 2007 University Open Access Policy in 2009 2013 Accepted RCUK funding to kick-start University response and compliance University’s Policy All research papers (including journal articles, conference proceedings, book chapters and similar material), where copyright allows, should be made available in an open access form upon publication. All research papers (either in the form of the author's final manuscript or the formally-published version), where copyright allows, should be deposited in the Nottingham ePrints repository upon publication or as soon as possible thereafter. Where available, researchers should take advantage of opportunities to publish their work in an open access form offered by journal publishers, and can make use of research grants and/or the central Open Access publication fund, in order to pay open access publication fees.

bill.hubbard@nottingham.ac.uk

RCUK definition of Open Access “Unrestricted, on line access to peer reviewed and scholarly papers” so that users can: Read published research papers in an electronic format Search for and reuse the content of papers – subject to proper attribution. CC-BY licence. Tuesday, April 30, 2019 Event Name and Venue

What is a compliant journal Provides via its own website immediate and unrestricted access to the publisher’s final version of the paper and allows immediate deposit in other repositories. May involve Article Processing Charge CC-BY licence OR Tuesday, April 30, 2019 Event Name and Venue

What is a compliant journal Allow deposit of Accepted Manuscript including changes from peer review in other repositories without restriction on non commercial reuse and within a defined period. No Article Processing Charge will be payable to the publisher Defined period = 6 months from online publication (except AHRC and ESRC which = 12 months) Tuesday, April 30, 2019 Event Name and Venue

CC-BY Attribution CC BY This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. Tuesday, April 30, 2019 Event Name and Venue

Claimants Claimants predominantly from Medical and Life Sciences areas Data current at end of 09/10 academic session 16

OpenDOAR Global breakdown

Institutional repositories Institutional or subject-based subject-based portals or views OAI-PMH allows a single gateway to search and access across repositories Practical reasons for institutional approach use institutional infrastructure - sustainability integration into work-flows and systems support is close to academic users support departmental websites 18

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