Proactive and Multi-Barrier Treatment Approach for Taste-and-Odor Compounds and UCMR4 Cyanotoxins: The Lafourche Parish Water District Experience Amlan Ghosh, Chad Seidel - Corona Environmental Consulting, LLC Jared Allemand, Jenny Robichaux – Lafourche Parish Water District #1 Southwest AWWA 2018 Annual Conference October 29, 2018

Acknowledgements Lafourche Parish Water District #1: Corona: Dirk Barrios Addis Landry Scott Thibodeaux Corona: Eli Townsend Keck & Wood: Michael Moffitt Wayne State University Dr. Judy Westrick Jonna Birbeck

Presentation Outline LPWD historical T&O issues PAC evaluation Partial & full plant trials WTP improvements Cyanotoxin treatability tests Conclusions

Water System Overview

T&O Events - 2014 ≤5 complaints 6-19 complaints ≥20 complaints 2014 06/24 06/30 07/06 07/12 07/18 07/24 07/30 Increased PAC and MnO4 (11) Jun 26 (7) Jun 29 Increased PAC (53) Jun 30 Increased PAC and ClO2 (20) Jul 1 Odor in Tap at POE, Contacted solution providers, ATP increased from bayou to reservoir (40) Jul 3 Norit confirms carbon type is correct (12) Jul 8 Increased MnO4 (12) Jul 9 Dialogue with Jim Bromka (Rochester) regarding experience with T&O events. They use a process consisting of roghing filters followed by H2O2/UV AOP (0) Jul 16 Met with Terrebonne to discuss the influence of chloraphyll (0) Jul 18 MnO4 jar tests at both plants (0) Jul 25 Decreased MnO4 (7) Jul 28 Cu in POE 0.04 mg/L, Reservoir overflow (7) Jul 30 Reservoir flushing (2) Aug 1 Increased PAC, Increased MnO4 (0) Jun 24 Increased PAC (9) Jun 25 Increased MnO4 (21) Jun 27 (8) Jun 28 Call LADHH and news regarding T&O, Increased ClO2 (46) Jul 2 Reservoir Overflow (2) Jul 6 Contacted Norit regarding PAC type (17) Jul 7 Met with Terrebonne (5) Jul 10 Odor in Bayou Blue (5) Jul 11 Odor in Bayou Blue back to normal, Expecting UVT monitor (0) Jul 14 DO meters ordered (0) Jul 15 (1) Jul 17 Permit for CuSO4 system recinded (3) Jul 21 Increased MnO4 and PAC, CuSO4 Permit approved, floating algae on surface of reservoir, reservoir overflow (7) Jul 29 Discussed various sludge removal options from North reservoir, decided not to shock treat reservoir, reservoir flushing, reservoir overflow showed a decrease in ATP, switch to regular overflow and flushing (7) Jul 31 (3) Aug 4 ≤5 complaints 6-19 complaints ≥20 complaints Today

Process Flow Diagram Bayou To Distribution System Reservoir Rapid Mix/Flocculation/Sedimentation Dual Media (sand- anthracite) Filters Clearwell Ground Storage Permanganate Chlorine Polymer, Alum, Fluoride, Lime, Ammonia, ClO2 PAC Zinc Orthophosphate, Ammonia, Chlorine

Response to Algae Events

T&O Study: 2015-2018 Develop T&O Monitoring Program Establish monitoring plan Collect data: 2015-2017 Develop alert and action levels based on collected data WTP T&O Control Strategies Powdered activated carbon testing Bench-scale Full-scale: Obtained approval from LDH Two rounds of partial plant trial in 2016 One round of full plant trial in 2017

MIB Results: 2015

T&O Treatment Strategies – Jar Tests Evaluate current treatment processes Using jar testing, determine the effectiveness of 5 PAC types for T&O removal Specifically, determine: Best PAC type for optimal T&O removal Best PAC dose for optimal T&O removal Best PAC addition location for optimal T&O removal 10

PACs Used in Jar Tests PAC Product Cabot Hydrodarco B Hydrodarco C Norit PAC 20BF Calgon WPH-1000 PULSORB WP260-90 Size Distribution Less than 150 µm: 99% Less than 45 µm: 65% Less than 45 µm: 90% Less than 75 µm: 95% Density 0.51 g/mL; 32 lb/ft3 0.4 - 0.7 g/mL Iodine Number 500 mg/g 800 mg/g 1000 mg/g 11

PAC Jar Test Results

Jar Test Results Best PAC type for optimal T&O removal Calgon Carbon WPH-1000 or equivalent Best PAC dose for optimal T&O removal 50 mg/L provided > 90% MIB removal Best PAC addition location for optimal T&O removal In the rapid mix basins 13

3 Rounds of Partial and Full Plant Trials

Improvements at North WTP LDH review and approval (April – May 2017) New PAC treatment used since summer 2017 New feed location at rapid-mix instead of sedimentation basin Maximum dose capability of 50 mg/L New PAC product (higher iodine number being used)

Cyanotoxins Evaluation 10-day Health Advisory (µg/L) Bottle-fed Infants School-age and Older Microcystin-LR 0.3 1.6 Cylindrospermopsin 0.7 3 Test removal of all 10 UCMR4 cyanotoxins Test simultaneously in presence of T&O compounds (MIB) Four pre-approved PACs for T&O removal Use same dose and application location as for T&O removal

Cyanotoxins & MIB concentrations Target Initial Concentration (µg/L) MC-LR 3.1 MC-RR MC-YR MC-LA MC-LF MC-LY Total Microcystin 18.6 Anatoxin 10 Nodularin 6.2 Cylindrospermopsin 2-MIB 0.1

Jar Test Results Product ID PAC A PAC C PAC D PAC E Product Name WPH-1000 AquaNuchar W-PL 900 AquaSorb CB1-MW Microcystin-RR 27% 80% 65% 82% Microcystin-YR 26% 78% 45% Microcystin-LR 35% 51% 68% Microcystin-LA 33% 44% Microcystin-LY 31% 84% 60% 81% Microcystin-LF 39% 79% 56% 85% Total Microcystin 54% Nodularin 18% Anatoxin 24% 55% Cylindrospermopsin 75% 91%   Average 32% 76%

Jar Test Results – Total Microcystins

Jar Test Results – Total Microcystins

Jar Test Results – Cylindrospermopsin

Jar Test Results – Anatoxin

Comparison of ELISA vs LC/MS/MS

Removal of T&O vs. Cyanotoxins

Recommendations/ Conclusions T&O Removal: Pre-qualified PAC product successfully reduces T&O to lower than threshold levels Application of PAC in rapid mix (vis-à-vis sedimentation basin) provides additional benefit in T&O removal Up to 50 mg/L of PAC dose necessary PAC dose driven by triggers based on T&O monitoring

Recommendations/ Conclusions Cyanotoxins Removal: Partial removal of cyanotoxins with PAC Treatment targets to be determined based on future regulatory levels, initial concentrations, water quality conditions, etc. Percent removal of individual cyanotoxins with PAC application vary Excellent removal of cylindrospermopsin Moderate removal of most microcystins Poor removal of anatoxin Relative performance of PACs for cyanotoxin removal similar to those for T&O removal

Corona Environmental Consulting Proactive and Multi-Barrier Treatment Approach for Taste-and-Odor Compounds and UCMR4 Cyanotoxins: The Lafourche Parish Water District Experience Amlan Ghosh, Ph.D., P.E. Corona Environmental Consulting Phone: (214)-250-1456 Email: aghosh@coronaenv.com