Basic Chemistry

Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Water

Basic Chemistry Nucleic Acids Carbs Lipids Proteins Water $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500

2 or more different elements chemically combined is?

What is a compound

Which element forms the backbone for organic molecules?

Carbon

The six most common elements in all living organisms are?

Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon Sulfur, Phosphorous Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon Hydrogen

The 5 most abundant elements In humans? (in order)

Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Calcium

Name the one inorganic molecule that contains carbon

Carbon dioxide

Name the monomer for nucleic Acids

Nucleotides

Name two types of nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

What are the three parts of a nucleotide

Base, sugar Phosphate group

What is a difference In the structure of RNA And DNA

Single stranded. DNA has thymine DNA is double Stranded, RNA is Single stranded. DNA has thymine RNA has uracil

Beginning with DNA, what is the process of making proteins within general process of making proteins within your body?

RNA, which is used to make proteins, DNA is used to make RNA, which is used to make proteins, Which carry out all life functions

that make up carbohydrates with Three elements that make up carbohydrates with Any important ratios

Carbon, Hydrogen Oxygen 2:1 H to O

Three sizes of carbohydrates What are the Three sizes of carbohydrates

Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide

a monosaccharide, a name of one, And a food you would find it in Give the General formula for a monosaccharide, a name of one, And a food you would find it in

c6H12O6 Glucose, galactose And fructose Fruits and Vegetables

Carbohydrates and what These are examples of what type of Carbohydrates and what reaction formed them?

Disaccharide Dehydration Synthesis formed them

The monomer that makes them And the reactions that breaks them down Give two examples Of polysaccharides, The monomer that makes them And the reactions that breaks them down

Cellulose Amylose, amylopectin Starch, glycogen Monosaccharides Hydrolysis reaction

What elements Make up lipids and Name any important ratios

Carbon, Hydrogen Oxygen H:O is much greater Than 2:1

Lipids are used For?

Long term Energy storage

Monomer that makes them List four types of lipids and the Monomer that makes them

Unsaturated Saturated Phospholipids Steroids Pigments Wax 3 fatty acids and A glycerol molecule

This answer should explain Why one is healthier than the other Explain the chemical Difference between saturated And unsaturated fats. This answer should explain Why one is healthier than the other

Saturated fats are unhealthy because they are made up of carbon to carbon single Bonds which makes them have a straight chain while unsaturated fats have a Carbon to carbon double bond, that makes these Fats not compact within our body

What are Two important Characteristics of phospholipids

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic

Proteins are Made up of What elements

Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon sulfur

Are there, and what are the three How many amino acids Are there, and what are the three Parts of each

Amino group, carboxylic acid 20 amino acids Amino group, carboxylic acid And an R group

Where is the active site, And why is it important

Active site is on the enzyme, And it is the place on the Enzyme that bonds to The substrate

What are Two factors that Affect the rate Of an enzyme reaction

pH and temperature

Daily Double!!

And polymer of proteins? What is the monomer And polymer of proteins?

Amino acids and Polypeptide chains

What is the General formula For water?

H2O

Unique characteristics What are 2 Unique characteristics About water when it Freezes?

Expands, Floats, Is less dense

Why is water Considered a polar molecule

Because it has Opposite charges On either side of The molecule

What is the name Of the bond that Holds water molecules together

Hydrogen bonds

With each element labeled Draw a water molecule With each element labeled With the appropriate charges

+ + H H O _

Double Jeopardy!!

Water Vocab

Chemistry vocab

Carbohydrate Vocab

Lipid Vocab

Protein Vocab

Misc. Vocab

Type Subject #1 Here Type Subject #2 Here Type Subject #3 Here Type Subject #4 Here Type Subject #5 Here Type Subject #6 Here $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500

the temperature at which a liquid changes state to a solid

Freezing Point

the measure of the heat energy required to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

Specific Heat

the intermolecular attraction between like molecules. Surface tension results from the cohesive properties of water.

Cohesion

the elastic like force existing in the surface of a liquid, caused by asymmetries in the intermolecular forces between surface molecules

Surface Tension

the intermolecular attraction between unlike molecules. Capillary action results from the adhesive properties of water and the molecules that make up plant cells

Adhesion

the study of the chemical reactions occurring in organisms

Biochemistry

the changing of organic matter into other chemical forms such as fuels to use for energy

Biochemical conversions

molecules found in living things that contains carbon atoms

Organic molecules

a group of large, organic molecules found in living things; e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Biological macromolecules

the smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of 2 or more atoms held together by a chemical force or bond

A molecule

a macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen , where the H:O ratio is 2:1; are sources of energy for living things. (e.g. sugars, starches, cellulose)

Carbohydrates

type of complex carbohydrate made from many monosaccharide monomers; requires breakdown (hydrolysis) for use by body; provides short term energy storage (~ 24 hours). Examples are starch (amylose, cellulose)

Polysaccharide

Same General formula But different Arrangement of atoms

Isomer

double sugars made from 2 monosaccharide monomers; general formula is C12H22O11; needs to be broken down (hydrolysis) into the 2 monomers for use in the body. Examples are sucrose, maltose and lactose

Disaccharide

larger molecule; usually for storage purposes; a molecule of water is the joining of 2 or more monomers to create a larger molecule; usually for storage purposes; a molecule of water is released to create the chemical bond between monomers to form a polymer

Dehydration reaction

Tending to repel or fail to mix with water

Hydrophobic

a group of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen , where the H:O ratio is much higher than 2:1; are insoluble in water; serve as a source of stored energy and are a component of cell membranes

Lipid

adding water to a molecule to break it down into smaller subunits or monomers (digestion)

Hydrolysis

Having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in , or be wetted by water.

Hydrophilic

By addition of hydrogen Fats that have been Artificially made By addition of hydrogen atoms

Hydrogenated Vegetable oil Or trans fats

a type of protein that increase the rate of chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction; an organic catalyst

Enzyme

a type of protein that regulates chemical reactions in the body

Hormone

a substance that enables a chemical reaction to proceed at an unusually faster rate or under different conditions (e.g. lower temperature) than otherwise possible without being changed by the reaction; are reusable in the body

Catalyst

Place on An enzyme Where it meets

Active site

Daily Double!!

On which an enzyme works Substance On which an enzyme works

Substrate

a biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus that carries genetic information

Nucleic Acids

a molecule of any compound that can react with other molecules of the same or different compounds to form a polymer. Each biological macromolecule has characteristic monomers.

Monomer

Used for energy Within our body

ATP

a molecule than has a large molecular mass due to the joining of several smaller subunits or monomers

Polymer

Transport protein Used to carry oxygen In the blood

Hemoglobin

List the four macromolecules, the importance of each, Final Jeopardy List the four macromolecules, the importance of each, And the monomer used to make each along with the corresponding polymer

Nucleic Acids: heredity/proteins (nucleotides) Carbohydrates: main source of energy(monosaccharides) Lipids: long term energy storage (3 fatty acids and glycerol) Proteins: build/repair cells (amino acids)