Center of urban settlement. Umayyad mesjid – transept and large gable. Maqsura place for ruler in mesjid. Mihrab and niche Umayyad and Abbasid – different between parts of mesjid. In Cordoba – create hierarchy zone Minaret – Damascus - Samarra - Al-Qayrawan indicate central mesjid of city Later tarnsformation of mesjid Large-dome Iwan

Ottoman influence large dome and half-domes Functions mesjids: move out of mesjid to specialize institution – madrasah & dar al-adl Mesjid become more sacred. One millenium – mesjid become Very simple. cleanness oriented Mekkah Hall for prayer Place for ablution is a necessary. Traditional mesjid: Inner Oman – Relfect Ibadi simplicity and austerity Located on elevated terrace with staircase through gateway Front wall doesn’t present any particular decoration

2-doors placed at equal distance From center. Little niche as external mihrab Little dome at left corner of flat roof. Rectangluar prayer hall is separated In 2 naves by arcades of 4-arches Supported by 3 columns. 2 doors give to lateral opening Middle axis has central column. Lit-up by window left and right. Height of ceiling allows hot air to rise And create circulation through windows And small openings.

Simplicity – basic economic needs. Oasis economy.

Some mesjids having arcades allow A direct view across the prayer hall To the mihrab. The buma on the roof mark the mesjid Form other building. Also the elevated position. Location near the gate of a walled Neighbourhood.

Plat form Stucco mihrab Large elevated terrace Massive buttress Door at lateral sides Round tower. Arcades running parallel with 4 bays each

Kufic styles The plasticity of the column and Niches of the mihrab and the fine Relief of the stucco ornament Learly accentuate The qibla wall.