Inhibitory effect of methylene blue-induced photooxidation on intimal thickening of vein graft Ke-Xiang Liu, MD, Fumio Yamamoto, MD, Satoshi Sekine,

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Inhibitory effect of methylene blue-induced photooxidation on intimal thickening of vein graft Ke-Xiang Liu, MD, Fumio Yamamoto, MD, Satoshi Sekine, MD, Yoshikazu Goto, MD, Keiji Seki, MD, Katsuyuki Kondoh, MD, Yan Fu, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 68, Issue 1, Pages 84-88 (July 1999) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00448-8

Fig 1 Light micrographs of elastin van Gieson stain. (A) Normal jugular vein. (B) Nonphotooxidized vein graft demonstrates remarkably thickening intima after implant for 4 weeks. (C) Photooxidized vein graft shows a thin neointima after implant for 4 weeks; the intimal thickening is less significant than that in nonphotooxidized vein graft (original magnification ×100). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 68, 84-88DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00448-8)

Fig 2 Photomicrographs of α-SM actin stain in nonphotooxidized vein graft (A) and photooxidized vein graft (B) show cells of the neointima and the partial media are positive for α-SM actin (original magnification ×200). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 68, 84-88DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00448-8)

Fig 3 Light micrographs of anti–von Willebrand factor stain show that the endothelial layer of both nonphotooxidized vein graft (A) and photooxidized vein graft (B) are positive for anti–von Willebrand factor (original magnification ×200). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 68, 84-88DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00448-8)

Fig 4 Light photomicrographs of anti–PCNA stain. Many PCNA-positive cells are found in nonphotooxidized vein graft (A). PCNA-positive cells in photooxidized vein grafts (B) decrease significantly more than those in nonphotooxidized vein graft (original magnification ×200). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 68, 84-88DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00448-8)