AIM: HOW DID THE AGE OF EXPLORATION SHAPE WORLD HISTORY?

I. EUROPEAN EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION-1400S a. Europeans were less technologically and scientifically advanced than their neighbors in the Middle East and China.

b. REASONS FOR EUROPEAN EXPLORATION 1. Europeans wanted to find new trade routes to East Asia: Portugal and Spain wanted direct access to Asian trade through new oceanic routes. 2. European monarchs wanted to gain wealth and power, spread Christianity, and gain fame: “God, Gold, & Glory”.

II. NEW NAVIGATIONAL AND MARITIME TECHNOLOGY 6

Gunpowder, maps (cartographers= A. NEW TECHNOLOGY: Gunpowder, maps (cartographers= mapmakers), efficient ships (caravels), compass, astrolabe (figure out latitude). 7

What permitted them to explore with success at this point in time? Why did Europe seek new routes of exploration to Asia? Why not earlier? What permitted them to explore with success at this point in time?

III. FAMOUS EXPLORERS

A. Prince Henry the Navigator: sets up school for mapmaking and shipbuilding. B. Bartholomeu Dias rounds the Cape of Good Hope (southern tip of Africa). C. Vasco de Gama followed Dias’ route and reached India—returned home with Asian spices that he sold at a high profit.

D. Christopher Columbus-Columbus proposed to sail west across the Atlantic to reach China and India . He set sail in August 1492, and his ships reached the islands of the Caribbean on October 12, 1492. 16

e. Spanish and Portuguese now had to lay claim to the New World e.Spanish and Portuguese now had to lay claim to the New World. Pope interjected and at the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, Spain received all lands west of the Cape Verde Islands, Portugal received India, Africa and Brazil.

IV. EFFECTS (RESULTS) OF THE AGE OF EXPLORATION: a) Spanish and Portuguese colonized land in the Americas. b) Encomienda System- Labor system which the Native Americans were forced to work on Spanish farming plantations (sugar) and in Spanish mines (gold/ silver)- Spanish landowners had total control. c) Millions of Native Americans died due to the diseases (smallpox).

d. COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE- Global exchange of people, plants, animals, ideas, technology, and diseases, leading to profound changes for people in Asia, the Americas, Africa, and Europe.

e. AFRICA 1. TRIANGULAR TRADE/ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE- Three legs of trade from the New World, to Europe, to Africa, and then back to the New World once again. New World sent sugar, tobacco, and cotton to Europe, Europe sent textiles, rum, and manufactured goods to Africa, Africa sent slaves to America. Voyage of slaves from Africa to the Americas was called the MIDDLE PASSAGE.

5/4/13

f. MERCANTILISM: Economic policy in which Europeans wanted to achieve a favorable balance of trade (export more than import).Took raw materials from colonies and sold them the finished products.

g. COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION (1500s-1600s): Expansion of world trade and businesses transforms Europe’s economy, prices rise (inflation) and more money in circulation. 1. CAPITALISM: Economic system based on private ownership and investment of wealth for profits.