Cytoplasmic Streaming Velocity as a Plant Size Determinant

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Cytoplasmic Streaming Velocity as a Plant Size Determinant Motoki Tominaga, Atsushi Kimura, Etsuo Yokota, Takeshi Haraguchi, Teruo Shimmen, Keiichi Yamamoto, Akihiko Nakano, Kohji Ito Developmental Cell Volume 27, Issue 3, Pages 345-352 (November 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.10.005 Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Developmental Cell 2013 27, 345-352DOI: (10.1016/j.devcel.2013.10.005) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Development and Evaluation of High-Speed and Low-Speed Myosin XI-2 (A) Schematic diagrams showing Chara- and human-Arabidopsis chimeric myosin XI-2 (high- and low-speed myosin XI-2, respectively). High- and low-speed myosin XI-2 were constructed by fusing the N-terminal region including the motor domain of Chara myosin XI and human myosin Vb with the neck and tail region of Arabidopsis myosin XI-2, respectively. (B) Sliding velocity of actin filaments on wild-type myosin XI-2-, high-speed myosin XI-2-, and low-speed myosin XI-2-coated surfaces at 25°C (mean ± SD, n = 30). See also Movie S1 and Table S1. (C) Localization of GFP-fused wild-type and high- and low-speed myosin XI-2 in protoplasts of Arabidopsis cultured cells. The scale bar represents 10 μm. See also Movie S1. Developmental Cell 2013 27, 345-352DOI: (10.1016/j.devcel.2013.10.005) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Transgenic Plants Expressing Wild-Type, High-Speed, and Low-Speed Myosin XI-2 (A) Wild-type plant, wild-type myosin XI-2/xi-2 (wild-type lines A and B), high-speed myosin XI-2/xi-2 (high-speed lines A and B), low-speed myosin XI-2/xi-2 (low-speed lines A and B), and xi-2 after 30 days of culture. The scale bar represents 5 cm. (B) First leaves of 25- to 30-day-old plants. The scale bar represents 10 mm. (C) Leaf area and petiole length of first leaves (mean ± SE, n = 30). ∗p < 0.05 by Student’s t test compared to wild-type plant. See also Table S1. (D) Cytoplasmic streaming velocity in epidermal cells of the first leaf petiole at 25°C (mean ± SE, n = 50). ∗p < 0.05 by Student’s t test compared to wild-type plant. See also Movie S2 and Table S1. Developmental Cell 2013 27, 345-352DOI: (10.1016/j.devcel.2013.10.005) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Effects on Plant Growth (A) Wild-type plant, wild-type myosin XI-2/xi-2, high-speed myosin XI-2/xi-2, low-speed myosin XI-2/xi-2, and xi-2 after 35 days of culture. The scale bar represents 5 cm. (B) Leave and shoot morphology of 35-day-old plants. The scale bar represents 5 cm. (C) Plant height time courses for wild-type plants (gray), high-speed myosin XI-2/xi-2 (red), and low-speed myosin XI-2/xi-2 (green) (mean ± SE, n = 8). ∗p < 0.05 by Student’s t test compared to wild-type plant. (D) Dry weight (aerial parts from 35-day-old plants) for wild-type plants (gray), high-speed myosin XI-2/xi-2 (red), and low-speed myosin XI-2/xi-2 (green) (mean ± SE, n = 8). ∗p < 0.05 by Student’s t test compared to wild-type plant. (E) Total number of leaves produced before flowering (mean ± SE of 10–20 plants). See also Table S1. Developmental Cell 2013 27, 345-352DOI: (10.1016/j.devcel.2013.10.005) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Cell Size and Number (A) Mesophyll cells of the first leaf blade from wild-type plants (left), high-speed myosin XI-2/xi-2 (middle), and low-speed myosin XI-2/xi-2 (right). The scale bar represents 50 μm. (B) Epidermal cells of the first leaf petiole from wild-type plants (upper), high-speed myosin XI-2/xi-2 (middle), and low-speed myosin XI-2/xi-2 (lower). The scale bar represents 100 μm. (C) Mesophyll cell area of the first leaf blade (mean ± SE). ∗p < 0.05 by Student’s t test compared to wild-type plant. (D) The number of cells per leaf (mean ± SE, n = 8). p > 0.1 by Student’s t test. (E) Cell length of the first leaf petiole epidermal cell (mean ± SE). ∗p < 0.05 by Student’s t test compared to wild-type plant. See also Table S1. Developmental Cell 2013 27, 345-352DOI: (10.1016/j.devcel.2013.10.005) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions