Collaboration of CIS WG GW with NORMAN Group on GW Watch List Leads: Rüdiger Wolter, Ronald Kozel, Elisa Vargas-Amelin, Johannes Grath, Tim Besien

Recital 4 of 2014 GWD The need to obtain and respond to new information on other substances posing a potential risk should be acknowledged. Therefore, a watch list for pollutants of groundwater should be established under the Common Implementation Strategy for Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (2) to increase the availability of monitoring data on substances posing a risk or potential risk to bodies of groundwater, and thereby facilitate the identification of substances, including emerging pollutants, for which groundwater quality standards or threshold values should be set.

Approach Setup of voluntary drafting group under the WG GW Aim to establish a method to select substances for a Groundwater Watch List Pilot study on pharmaceuticals Data collection and substance selection approach revised upon lessons learned.

Groundwater Watch list process All emerging substances except Annex I or II substances All substances Existing monitoring data (column I) Criteria: «Some» evidence for presence in GW Prioritisation via exposure assessment (column II) considering: - mobility - persistence - volume + use List of substances having the proved and/or theoretical capacity to reach GW Substances with groundwater leaching potential Prioritisation based on toxicity/ecotoxicity (column III) considering: PBT, PMT, CMR, ED, vPvB etc. for Annex I + II procedure Decision Sufficient Monitoring data Groundwater Watch List (GWWL) List of substances posing a risk or potential risk to GW bodies Watch list monitoring Candidate list annex I + II Revision of Annex I and II list

Column I: Results of the pilot study on pharmaceuticals in groundwater: Substances exceeding a concentration level of 0.1 µg/l in groundwater (1) April 2016 April 2015 Substance No. of PC No of sites >LOQ >0.1 ug/l 1 ----- Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 105 61 2 Caffeine 490 252 59 3 Carbamazepine 12 3692 445 57 4 Ibuprofen 9 1865 49 15 5 Diatrizoic Acid 1394 66 6 Diclofenac 10 3060 34 13 7 11 Gabapentin 167 19 8 Metformin 787 56 Paracetamol (Acetominophen) 1036 248 Clofibric acid 2294 46 Primidon 628 31 Pentoxifylline 859 Acetylsalicylic acid 600 14 Phenazone 1477 40 Sulfamethoxazole 2153 16 Ioxithalamic acid 329 17 Erythromycin 1255 25 18 Iopamidol 1462 37 Ketoprofen 1275

Prioritisation via exposure assessment Column II Aim: Assess GW leaching potential. Stepwise (subsequent) approach based on: Step 1 Mobility: Log KOC Persistence: DT50 Polarity ??? (log KOW) Step 2 Use pattern (classes) Volume Prioritisation via exposure assessment (column II)

Prioritisation based on toxicity / ecotoxicity Column III Aim: Prioritise according to hazard/toxicity based on: CMR ED TTC Bioaccumulation (e.g. PBT, vPvB) Prioritisation based on toxicity / ecotoxicity (column III)

CIS WG GW invites NORMAN to collaborate on GW Watch List Aspects of potential collaboration Feedback to CIS WG GW draft approach Consideration of further parameters (column III) than those in the NORMAN approach Test run of CIS WG GW approach and of NORMAN approach (column II and III). Suggested group of substances: perfluorinated compounds. Comparison and joint discussion of both results