3. They looted and burned villages and also reopened trade routes 4 3. They looted and burned villages and also reopened trade routes 4. Many would settle with local groups, but never established a lasting empire in Europe (caused many problems)

Chapter 14 Europe in the Middle Ages Section 1 Feudalism and the Manor System

I. Middle Ages/Medieval Period Ancient times lasted until 500 AD and modern times began around 1500 AD Refers to the years between ancient times and modern times C Middle Ages begins with the fall of the Roman Empire 1. Fall was a result of economic and social problems as well as invasions from northern people 2. Invaders destroyed towns and cut off trade routes 3. Results of the fall included: broken into small kingdoms, reading and writing almost disappeared, people left towns, no money used and trading stopped

Charlemagne

D. Charlemagne (p 396) Leader of a group called the Franks-they were in control of Gaul- now France He became king in 768 AD Led the Franks to take over most of the Western kingdoms (Western Europe) One of the few times that any part of Europe was united after the fall of the Roman Empire He would rule for 48 years. He established schools and encouraged the growth of Christianity

6. He became the first Holy Roman Emperor in 800 AD crowned on Christmas Day by Leo III 7. After his death, the empire was divided among his 3 sons. They argued causing the empire to weaken and it was attacked by outside groups. E. Vikings 1. great warriors and sailors who came from Denmark, Sweden, and Norway 2. They began to attack coastal European villages in the 800’s (300 year problem)

3. They looted, burned villages in the 800’s- major problem 4 3. They looted, burned villages in the 800’s- major problem 4. Many would settle with local groups but never established a lasting empire

II. Feudalism People of Europe needed a way to defend themselves from attacking groups and a way to organize their communities William the Conqueror developed a solution to those problems and it met the people’s needs-it is feudalism

1. The basic idea is that ALL land was owned by the king 1. The basic idea is that ALL land was owned by the king. He gave parts of it to his nobles in return for their loyalty (put into use in 1100) 2. After accepting land, the nobles would give land and protection to those who pledged loyalty to them. 3. The nobles had true power because they controlled the land 4. By accepting land (fief), you became a vassal to the person and promised to follow his laws, supply an army and pay taxes. (promise of loyalty)

C. System contained a hierarchy (rank, authority), where you fit into it was based on your land holdings and service (loyalty) King Great lords Lesser lords Knights Serfs/peasants Each level had rules of conduct and behavior (this satisfies need for organization and defense)

III. Manor System (economic system) A. Economics is the way you use your resources to meet your needs. Since the cities did not exist and trade with other areas had broken down. Needs had to be met in other ways B. Manor-large estate (land) that includes a manor house, fields, pasture, farms, and even a small village. (great distance between manors) C. The manor is totally self-sufficient (all needs are met) *****

D. The manor was part of fief given by the king to the noble E D. The manor was part of fief given by the king to the noble E. The noble was in control of his manor: He made the rules, acted as judge, collected taxes, made decisions about who oversaw the daily work F. The noblewoman managed the household activities (servants, children , etc). When her husband was away she served as head of the manor

G. Knights protected the manor and traveled to fight with their lord G. Knights protected the manor and traveled to fight with their lord. Training began at age 7 (page), worked as a squire and they would not go into battle until around age 20 H. Peasants and serfs made up about 99% of population. This included farmers, crafts people, and laborers 1. They were considered to be part of the manor. If a noble got a fief with a manor, serfs went with it 2. They farmed the lord’s fields and their own field. Paid rent and taxes to their lord 3. Their lives revolved around farming and duties involved (even young children worked the field) average life span for a serf-40