Post-dural puncture headache: pathogenesis, prevention and treatment

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Presentation transcript:

Post-dural puncture headache: pathogenesis, prevention and treatment D.K. Turnbull, D.B. Shepherd British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 91, Issue 5, Pages 718-729 (November 2003) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeg231 Copyright © 2003 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Graphical representations of epidural (needle 4) and spinal needle tip design. Note the large orifice and conical tip of the Sprotte® Needle 2, compared with the small orifice and diamond tip of the Whitacre Needle 3. Needles 5, 6 and 7 were provided by the Sheffield Anaesthetic Museum and are an indication of the style of spinal needles used in the past. 1, 26G Atraucan® Double Bevel Design; 2, 26G Sprotte® Style Pencil Point; 3, 22G Whitacre Style Pencil Point; 4, 16G Tuohy Needle; 5, 17G Barkers Spinal Needle; 6, Large Gauge Spinal Needle; 7, 18G Crawford Needle. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2003 91, 718-729DOI: (10.1093/bja/aeg231) Copyright © 2003 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions