Lesson 10.1 Cells and Life

Vocabulary cell theory carbohydrate macromolecule lipid protein nucleic acid

Essential Questions How did scientists’ understanding of cells develop? 1 What basic substances make up a cell? 2

Building Blocks Explore Activity Color in the squares according to the following information: is Yellow is Blue is Black

Understanding Cells More than 300 years ago, an English scientist named Robert Hooke built a microscope. He used the microscope to look at cork, which is part of a cork oak tree’s bark. What he saw looked like the openings in a honeycomb. The openings reminded him of the small rooms, called cells, where monks lived. He called the structures cells, from the Latin word cellula (SEL yuh luh), which means “small rooms.” (t)Riorita/E+/Getty Images, (b)Science Source

Basic Cell Substances These substances, called macromolecules, form by joining many small molecules together. As you will read later in this lesson, macromolecules have many important roles in cells. But macromolecules cannot function without one of the most important substances in cells—water.

Macromolecules All cells contain other substances that enable them to function. Recall that macromolecules are large molecules that form when smaller molecules join together.

Mini-Assessment 1. The picture below shows salt (NaCl) dissolved in water (H2O). Which statement is true? Chloride is attracted to the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule. A CORRECT Sodium is attracted to the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule. B Neither sodium nor chloride is attracted to the atoms in a water molecule. C Sodium and chloride are attracted to the oxygen atoms in a water molecule. D

Mini-Assessment 2. Which type of macromolecules helps a cell break down food? lipids A proteins B CORRECT carbohydrates C nucleic acids D

Mini-Assessment 3. Genetic information is stored in which macromolecule? proteins A lipids C DNA B carbohydrates D CORRECT

Mini-Assessment 4. One example of a carbohydrate that stores energy is fat. A keratin. C hair. B sugar. D CORRECT

Mini-Assessment 5. An amoeba can divide and form two new identical amoebas. Which macromolecules are copied and pass genetic information to new cells? lipids A carbohydrates C proteins B nucleic acids D CORRECT

Mini-Assessment 6. Cholesterol is which type of macromolecule? lipid carbohydrate C CORRECT protein B nucleic acid D

Mini-Assessment 7. Which is NOT a principle of the cell theory? all living things are made of one or more cells? A All cells are exactly the same. C CORRECT The cell is the basic unit of life B All new cells come from preexisting cells. D