Cells, The Scientific Method and Organic Molecules REVIEW!!!!!!!!!! Cells, The Scientific Method and Organic Molecules

Cells The CELL THEORY: All living things are made of cells. Cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms.

The Plant Cell Cell Wall provides support and protection. Cell Membrane is located within cell wall and encloses all organelles and cytoplasm.

The Cell Membrane is selectively permeable allowing specific nutrients and waste in and out of cell. Composed of three organic molecules; carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.

Cellular Organelles Mitochondria – aids in cellular respiration, produces energy “ATP”. Ribosomes – aids in protein synthesis. Vacuoles – Storage of wastes (small found in animal cell, while large is found in Plant cell only!)

Cellular Organelles Centrioles – aids in cell reproduction, found only in Animal Cells. Chloroplasts – aids in photosynthesis, found in Plant Cells only. Cytoplasm – Fluid substance that all organelles exist in. Nucleus - contains DNA.

Cellular Organelles

Transport through Cell Membrane Diffusion – movement of high concentration to low concentration. Active Transport – movement of low concentration to high concentrations. Moves against the concentration gradient. Osmosis – diffusion of water.

Organic Molecules Contains Carbon and Hydrogen Examples are: Carbohydrates (Sugars, Glucose), Proteins, Lipids (Fats) and Nucleic Acids (RNA & DNA). Make up all cell walls and membranes.

The Scientific Method State the Problem; How, Why, What? Research/Inferences Form a Hypothesis; create a statement. If….then.. Develop a controlled experiment. Only one variable is being tested. 5. Analysis of Data – read and interpret charts, graphs and written findings. 6. Formulate Conclusion- no summary, state if hypothesis is proven or not.

Graphs !! Label axes with units. Figure out an appropriate scale; the spacing between numbers on axes must be in equal increments. Independent variable; factor that influences the dependent variable, always on the x-axis. Dependent variable; what you are measuring, always on y-axis.