Beginning with PREHISTORY Prehistory - Time before the invention of writing 5,000 years ago Scientists use different methods to learn about early peoples who lived during “prehistory” Most of what scientists learn about prehistory comes from artifacts

ARTIFACTS Artifacts - Objects that people left behind that give hints as to how they lived Bones Jewelry Tools Clothing (remains)

SCIENTISTS Archaeologists – dig and study ancient sites Anthropologists – study peoples’ culture by examining artifacts Paleontologists – study fossils and date them Human teeth Skulls Bones

CULTURE Culture - People’s way of life shown by its shared traits Clothing Language Religion Tools and Technology

The “Old” Stone Age Also known as the “Paleolithic Age” Lasted from about 2.5 million to 8,000 B.C. Stone tools Development of language Mastery over Fire

EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SOCIETY Hominids emerge during the Paleolithic Age Mammals that walked upright on two legs Had opposable thumbs

EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SOCIETY Cro-Magnon Appeared 40,000 to 8,000 years ago in Europe Identical to modern humans Produced better tools and planned their hunts

Neolithic Revolution Cro-Magnon groups became Hunter Gatherers – look for edible plants and hunted animals for food Women dropped seeds into the earth before group moved on Eventually came back to the same area and saw more fruit had grown Neolithic Revolution – Switch from looking for food to growing food in fields Ice age ended, big game died out, climate got warmer, easier for hunter gather’s to travel

The “New” Stone Age Also known as the “Neolithic Age” Lasted from 8,000 to 3,000 B.C. People began to Grow crops – built terraced hillsides, irrigation ditches, and canals Began to selectively breed animals – cows that give more milk, chickens that lay more eggs (Domestication) Later Domesticate plants too – teocinte grass = corn cobs

Settlements Humans settle by rivers – Noticed more crops grow there Growing food means people don’t have to move around as much People specialize in their work – work with one skill (Farmer, Merchant, Weaver, etc) “River Valley” civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley and China Settled by rivers, have writing systems, have complex culture

Aspects of History History has many aspects to it: Geography Human Activity Government Culture Economics The aspect we are focusing on is Geography!!!

What is Geography? The study of the physical traits of the earth The study of human activity and how it affects the earth

The Five Themes of Geography There are five themes found in Geography: Location Region Movement Place Human-Environment Interaction

Mnemonic Device My (Movement) Hand (Human Environment Interaction) Really (Region) Likes (Location) Pizza (Place)

MY hand really likes pizza M is for movement. The movement of people, ideas, resources and goods affects our world. As10th graders you are new to San Benito High School (you emigrated from VMA) and you brought with you traditions and culture from the 9th grade academy People will move because of push or pull factors.

My HAND really likes pizza H is for Human-Environment Interaction. Humans adapt to the environment– You have adapted to the environment of high school by learning to take notes, work in block schedules, etc. Humans modify the environment– Dams along Rio Grande River have slowed water flow so people can use it for farming and drinking Humans depend on the environment– We need many things from the environment (fresh water) to survive se rivers for transportation of goods. Cities and industries are built near the most advantageous environment. Why does your family live here?

My hand REALLY likes pizza R is for region. Regions are a group of places with similar physical features, culture traits or governments in common. Ex. The Southwest of the United States has a large Hispanic Population T attendance boundary for your middle school creates a region. Does Missouri create its own region? Or is Missouri part of a larger region? How would you describe it?

My hand really LIKES pizza L is for location. There are two types of location. Absolute location is an exact spot on earth like a latitude and longitude or a street address. Ex. New York City is 40° 7’ N, 74° W Relative location is the location in relation to something else like Texas is west of Arizona, San Benito high school is down the corner. landmarks, time, direction or distance. For example, the United States is south of Canada and north of Mexico. It is between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. What is the street address of your school? What is the latitude and longitude of your town? What is the relative location of your desk in the classroom?

My hand really likes PIZZA P is for place. Place describes what it is like when you get there. Place is what you can see and has two characteristics. Human characteristics are ways that man has changed the environment like buildings, roads, clothing and food habits. Physical characteristics are mountains, rivers, valleys, etc. (Also Weather), rivers, soil, beaches, wildlife and soil. What are the human characteristics of your school? What are the physical characteristics of Missouri?

Geography Themes PostCards Students will find someone to work with – pair up Using your notes, you and your partner are going to pick out and write down the themes you find in the postcard passages Circle the sentence/s where you find the theme Try to find as many as possible (Should be Three)

OMG. I am having an amazing time in New York OMG! I am having an amazing time in New York. I have visited beautiful lakes and gorgeous mountains. We then went to the south and rode on the subway which cuts right under the city! We went to Ellis Island today and learned all about how New York has such a diverse population because about twenty five million immigrants entered the United States from here. Wish you were here!

Human Environment Interaction OMG! I am having an amazing time in New York. I have visited beautiful lakes and gorgeous mountains. We then went to the south and rode on the subway which cuts right under the city! We went to Ellis Island today and learned all about how New York has such a diverse population because about twenty five million immigrants entered the United States from here. Wish you were here! Place Human Environment Interaction Movement

After driving all night we have finally arrived in Atlanta (the GPS says we are at (33.7489° N, 84.3900° W). It is hot here... so hot some people call it Hotlanta! Being from the north I find it so interesting that almost everyone here speaks with a southern accent. It is so much different from New England! Can’t wait to see you again!

After driving all night we have finally arrived in Atlanta (the GPS says we are at (33.7489° N, 84.3900° W). It is hot here... so hot some people call it Hotlanta! Being from the north I find it so interesting that almost everyone here speaks with a southern accent. It is so much different from New England! Can’t wait to see you again! Location Place Region

Hello there. I am writing to you from fabulous Los Angeles, California Hello there! I am writing to you from fabulous Los Angeles, California. There are soooo many people here. I did some research and found out it’s the second most populated city in the United States. So many of these people aren’t originally from California; they traveled from all over the world to come here to try to be successful in the entertainment industry. Los Angeles lies south of San Francisco. Cool, huh? I can’t wait to go to the beach.

Place Movement Location Hello there! I am writing to you from fabulous Los Angeles, California. There are soooo many people here. I did some research and found out it’s the second most populated city in the United States. So many of these people aren’t originally from California; they traveled from all over the world to come here to try to be successful in the entertainment industry. Los Angeles lies south of San Francisco. Cool, huh? I can’t wait to go to the beach. Place Movement Location

We are having an amazing time taking our road trip through New England We are having an amazing time taking our road trip through New England. Although there are six different states, they are all connected by a similar historical background. Most of New England was founded by British colonists. Since it is January and really cold here, people tend to wear a lot of layers and even their roofs are slanted so the snow falls off. The region of New England is located east of New York state. While we’re here, I think I’m going to go skiing!

Human Environment Interaction We are having an amazing time taking our road trip through New England. Although there are six different states, they are all connected by a similar historical background. Most of New England was founded by British colonists. Since it is January and really cold here, people tend to wear a lot of layers and even their roofs are slanted so the snow falls off. The region of New England is located east of New York state. While we’re here, I think I’m going to go skiing! Region Human Environment Interaction Location