Headed to Iwo 11 Nov. US Navy begins to Bombard Iwo Jima 24 Nov. 24 B-29 Bomb Nakajima aircraft factory 3 Jan. 45- MacArthur Returns—he is placed.

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Headed to Iwo 11 Nov. US Navy begins to Bombard Iwo Jima 24 Nov. 24 B-29 Bomb Nakajima aircraft factory 3 Jan. 45- MacArthur Returns—he is placed in command of US ground forces, while Nimitz get the Naval Forces All in preparation for IWO JIMA

They faced a garrison of over 27,000 Japanese “No other island received as much preliminary pounding as did Iwo Jima.” - Admiral Chester W. Nimitz February 19, 1945 about 30,000 United States Marines of the 3rd, 4th and 5th Marine Divisions, under V Amphibious Corps, landed on Iwo Jima They faced a garrison of over 27,000 Japanese The islands defenders were invisible and gun fire seem to come from everywhere

The USS Texas, BB-35 bombarding Iwo Jima, February 19, 1945.

Why Iwo Jima??? Crucial to success of B-29 raids on Japanese mainland target Island already had 3 useable airstrips Limited Kamikazes to work form Okinawa and Kyushu Using airfields as strips fro escorts for B-29s Halfway between Marianas & Mainland for emergency landings

US COMMANDERS Adm. R.A. Sprunace-5th fleet Vice Adm. R.K. Turner-Joint Exp. Force Commander Lt. Gen. Holland “Howlin Mad” Smith-USMC Exp. Troop Commander

Tadamichi Kuribayashi commander of the Japanese garrison defending Iwo Jima

Tadamichi Kuribayashi Japanese Commander Changed Japanese Tactics Over 16 Miles of Underground Tunnels and Bunkers (island is only 8 total miles) Fortified Kill Zones 800 Pillboxes Undamaged by massive US Bombardment

His strategy was to fight the battle entirely from beneath the ground. They dug 1,500 rooms into the rock. Japanese strategy called for "no Japanese survivors.“ They planned to kill 10 Americans before they themselves are killed. No Banzai Charges General Kuribayashi died in the battle.

“Throwing human flesh against reinforced concrete."

Hard statistics show the sacrifice made by Colonel Johnson's 2nd Battalion: 1,400 landed on D-Day. 288 replacements were provided for a total of 1,688. 1,511 were killed or wounded. 177 returned from the island. 91 of these had been wounded at least once and returned to battle.

MT. SURIBACHI

MT. SURIBACHI LOCATED AT SOUTHERN END OF IWO A MUST TO SECURE REMAINDER OF THE ISLAND BY THE END OF DAY 1 SURIBACHI IS CUT OFF FIGHTING BECOME TRENCH LIKE GAINS MEASURED BY YARDS

“UNCOMMON VALOR WAS A COMMON VIRTUE”

THE FIGHT IS JUST BEGINNING BY THE END OF DAY 5 THE 500 YARDS TAKING HILL AFTER HILL AT A HUGE COST HILL 382 BY MARCH 25 LAST JAPANESE RESISTANCE END ON KITANO POINT BY APRIL 7 100 P-51’S ARE ESCORTING B-29S OVER THE JAPANESE MAINLAND

TOTAL LOSSES Japanese-1,083 POWS US-6,821 KIA Roughly 20,000+ KIA 19,217 WIA 2,648-CF TOTAL----28,686 Of the 23,573 were US MARINES (1/3)

37 Days of “HELL” To little naval support-3 days Underestimation of Japanese forces Changing tactics of Japanese PILLBOXES AND TRIANGULAR FIRE Nature of the island WHAT WOULD THEY DO TO DEFEND THE MAINLAND?????

Flags of our Fathers by. James Bradley