Introduction to Chemistry Papers go on pages 40 L/R

its structure, its properties, and how it changes What is Chemistry, anyways? The study of matter- its structure, its properties, and how it changes

Matter Matter = any material substance with Mass & Volume

Matter- comes in 3 phases Liquid Solid Gas

Solid Definite Shape Definite Volume

Liquid Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container Definite Volume

Gas Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container Indefinite Volume – can expand and be compressed

Properties of Matter Characteristics of matter that can be observed using your senses, or can be tested during a chemical reaction Physical properties Chemical properties

Atoms The smallest type of matter is the atom Atoms come in many varieties

Sub-atomic Particles Protons: in nucleus, positive charge, p+ Neutrons: in nucleus, no charge, n0 Electrons – orbiting nucleus, negative charge, e-

Elements -Matter made of only one kind of atom -118 known elements

Examples of Elements SYMBOL ELEMENT O Nitrogen Fe Silver C Calcium

Compounds Substance that is made up of different atoms bonded together Compounds have different properties than the individual elements H O  H2O -colorless, odorless gas -extremely flammable -BP: -252.8̊ C -gas, liquid, solid -universal solvent -BP: 100̊ C -colorless, odorless gas -highly reactive -BP: -183̊̊̊ C

Examples of Compounds NaCl H2O KOH H2SO4 H2O2 Formula Elements Involved Total # Atoms Compound Name NaCl H2O KOH H2SO4 H2O2

Types of Compounds or Inorganic Compounds Organic Compounds usually don’t contain Carbon generally come from the earth generally simple molecules always contain Carbon, and usually H, O, N, sometimes S & P come from within organisms generally complex molecules

Examples of Inorganic Compounds H + O = H2O = Water H + Cl = HCl = Hydrochloric Acid C + O = CO2 = Carbon Dioxide Na + Cl = NaCl = Common Table Salt

Examples of Organic Compounds C, H + O Carbohydrates = Sugars, starches & cellulose C, H + O Lipids = Fats & Oils C, H, O, N, & sometimes P + S Proteins C, H, O, N, + P Nucleic Acids – DNA & RNA

Chemical Equations Atoms are not CREATED or DESTROYED during a chemical reaction. This is known as the LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS.