Endocrine System.

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Presentation transcript:

Endocrine System

Endocrine System Overview Defined: Body system that controls growth, development, environmental responses Physically disconnected Glands: Major organs of the endocrine system Make hormones Hormones: chemical signals that move through blood stream Hormones attach to cell receptor Cause target cells produce proteins

Steroid & Non-Steroid Hormones Naturally produced by the body Travel through blood Attach to receptor of target cells Target cell creates proteins

Steroid & Nonsteroid Hormones Differences Between Steroid & Nonsteroid Hormones Steroid hormones enter into the cell. Non-steroid hormones do not enter the cell. Non-steroid hormone Steroid hormone Nonsteroid hormone binds to receptor on the cell membrane. Steroid hormone diffuses through the cell membrane receptor Steroid hormone binds to a receptor within the cell. Receptor stimulates a 2nd messenger with in the cell. second messenger receptor nucleus 2nd messenger starts a series of chemical reactions in cytoplasm. The hormone and receptor enter the nucleus and bind to DNA Chemical reactions DNA Steroid hormone causes DNA to make proteins. 2nd messenger reactions activate enzymes. proteins activated enzymes

YouTube clip: Endocrine system

Major Glands Glands create hormones (C) Hypothalamus Stimulates the pituitary gland to release hormones Helps control growth, reproduction, body temp (B) Pituitary gland Controls cell growth and H2O concentration in blood Stimulates other glands (A) Thyroid gland Regulates metabolism, growth, development (D) Thymus Allows WBCs to mature to fight infection

Major Glands (E) Adrenal Glands Controls “fight or flight” response Increases breathing, alertness, blood pressure (F) Pancreas Controls glucose level in blood Gonads: influence sexual development (H) Testes (XY) Produces testosterone (G) Ovaries (XX) Produces estrogen, progesterone

Effects of testosterone

Communication Between Nervous System & Endocrine System Connected by the hypothalamus in the brain Receives signals from sensors (sensory neurons) Produces releasing hormones that stimulate other glands to produce hormones. Ex: Used in thermoregulation to maintain homeostasis cold hormone A hormone B hormone C

hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid thymus Adrenal glands pancreas ovaries testes

Review What are glands and what do they release? What do hormones direct cells to create? How do hormones travel through the body? What gland connects the endocrine and nervous systems? What are the differences between steroid and nonsteroid hormones? Examine the diagram of the endocrine system on slide #12. Practice labeling the 8 different glands. Which gland…. releases insulin to lower blood sugar levels? increases your alertness and blood pressure? helps your white blood cells mature? is located atop your kidneys? are found in your brain (two answers)? is considered your body’s thermostat?