Dynamic Evaluation of the 21-mm Medtronic Intact Aortic Bioprosthesis by Dobutamine Echocardiography  Isaac Kadir, FRCS, Mohammad Bashar Izzat, FRCS,

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Dynamic Evaluation of the 21-mm Medtronic Intact Aortic Bioprosthesis by Dobutamine Echocardiography  Isaac Kadir, FRCS, Mohammad Bashar Izzat, FRCS, Peter Wilde, FRCR, Barnaby Reeves, DPhil, Alan J Bryan, FRCS, Gianni D Angelini, FRCS  The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  Volume 63, Issue 4, Pages 1128-1132 (April 1997) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00190-2

Fig. 1 The Medtronic Intact valve. (A) Annulus diameter = 21 mm. (B) Sewing ring diameter = 27 mm. (C) Aortic profile = 15.7 mm. The minimum calibrated orifice area is 1.25 cm2. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1128-1132DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00190-2)

Fig. 2 Increase in systolic valve flow and mean transprosthetic gradient with increasing doses of dobutamine. Data are presented as mean ± standard error. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1128-1132DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00190-2)