Ch:16 - 18 Timeline 1861-1865 & Reconstruction Era Pages 478-549 The Civil War Ch:16 - 18 Timeline 1861-1865 & Reconstruction Era Pages 478-549

Cause & Effect September 1850 The Compromise of 1850 goes into effect *dispute over territory, controversy surrounding how to deal with slavery in the lands gained from War with Mexico. Pg. 461 Laws intended to settle the major disagreements between the free and slave states. To please the North, CA would be admitted as a free state. South, Congress would not pass laws regarding slavery for rest of the territories won from Mexico.

Cause & Effect 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act goes into effect *issue of slavery in the territories brought blood shed. Decision to allow slavery will be settled by popular sovereignty. Pg. 464 Law that established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and gave their residents the right to decide whether to allow slavery. The bill angered opponents of slavery and soon turn Kansas into a battle ground over slavery.

Cause & Effect February 1861 Confederate State of America was formed * 1860 Lincoln get elected as the President of US. Secession based their arguments on the idea of states’ rights. Pg. 473 The states that had seceded from the Union met in Montgomery, AL and decided to form a confederation and named Jefferson Davis as president. Ended the hopes of avoiding the war.

Cause & Effect April 1861 Confederate guns open fire on Fort Sumter * Strategic military post that contained supplies (weapons). Pg. 481 A federal fort located in the harbor of Charleston, SC. Marked the beginning of the Civil War.

Cause & Effect July 1861 the First Battle of Bull Run *Part of Gen. Scott’s Anaconda Plan… calling for immediate attack on Richmond, the Confederate capital. Pg. 485 Confederate wins and dashes Union hopes of winning the war quickly and easily.

Cause & Effect March 1862 Ironclads - The Monitor meets the Virginia *military technology advanced. Improvements in the weapons of war had far-reaching effects. Pg. 491-492 Warships covered in iron; marked the advancement in military technology. Union wins and signaled a revolution in naval warfare and casualties soared.

Cause & Effect April 1862 The Battle of Shiloh *Both sides were fighting to control the Mississippi River. For the Union it would provide a way into the South. Pg. 494 Union wins and forced the Confederacy to retreat, they gained the upper hand in the struggle to control Mississippi River valley. The first bloody battle of the war.

Cause & Effect September 1862 The Battle of Antietam *Gen. Lee invades the North. He hoped the victory in the North might force Pres. Lincoln to talk peace. Pg. 497 Union wins and it is the bloodiest single-day battle of the war and American history. General Lee lost a large number of his troops (Confederate Army), and his northward advance had been stopped.

Cause & Effect January 1863 The Emancipation Proclamation goes into effect *Freeing Southern slaves weakened the Confederacy. Lincoln’s action could be seen as a military action. Pg. 504 An executive order issued by President Lincoln, freeing the slaves in all regions in rebellion against the Union. The loss of slave labor severely damaged the southern economy and the Confederate war effort and had a tremendous impact on the public.

Cause & Effect March 1863 54th Massachusetts Regiment was assembled *Em. Proc. allowed African-American to enlist in the US military. 54th helped increase African –American enlistment. Pg. 506 One of the first African-American regiments organized to fight for the Union. Their heroism increased African-American enlistment.

Cause & Effect July 1863 The Union army wins major victory at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. *The Confederate learned of a supply of shoes in the town… went to investigate. Pg. 513 battle in which the Union defeated the Confederacy, renewed northern confidence that the war could be won. On Nov. 1863, Pres. Lincoln spoke at the dedication of a cemetery, The Gettysburg Address.

Cause & Effect Nov. 1863 President Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address *Pres. Lincoln spoke at the dedication of a cemetery for the 3,500 soldiers buried there. Pg. 513-514 reminded Americans of the ideals on which the republic was founded. Declared that the nation was founded on “the proposition that all men are created equal.”

Cause & Effect 1865 Congress proposes the Thirteenth Amendment on January 1865 and the law went to effect on December 1865 Pg. 521 & 270 An amendment to the U.S. Constitution banning slavery and involuntary servitude in the U.S. Freeing millions of enslaved persons.

Cause & Effect April 1865 Gen. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House *Lee wanted to continue fighting, but he knew that the situation was hopeless. Pg. 519 marked the end of the Confederate war effort. Changing the country forever.

Cause & Effect March 1867 Congress passes the first federal Reconstruction Act *The Southern states refused to support the 14th Amendment. Pg. 535-536 acts required all southern states to create new state constitutions supporting the Fourteenth Amendment before they could be readmitted to the Union

Cause & Effect Feb. 1869 Congress proposes the Fifteenth Amendments * US worried that the Southern states might try to keep African Americans from voting in future elections. Pg. 546 Gave African American men throughout the United States the right to vote.

Cause & Effect March 1875 Congress passes the Civil Rights Act of 1875 *To outlaw segregation in public services. Pg. 548-549 Allowed African Americans to sue private businesses for discrimination.

Cause & Effect March 1877 The Compromise of 1877 ends Reconstruction *Controversy over 1876 Presidential election… electoral votes of South. Pg. 548 The Democrats agreed to accept Hayes’s victory if all remaining federal troops were removed from the South.