The biological basis of behavior liudexiang

contents Neurons The central nervous system The peripheral nervous system

neuron

Neurons: the messengers Neurons: individual cells that are the smallest unit of the nervous system. Dendrites: short fibers that branch out from the cell body and pick up incoming messages. Axon: single long fiber extending from the cell body; it carries outgoing messages.

Neurons: the messengers Nerve: group of axon bundled together. Myelin sheath: white fatty covering found on some axons.

Types of neurons Sensory neurons: neurons that carry messages from sense organs to the spinal cord or brain. Motor neurons: neurons that carry messages from the spinal or brain to the muscles and glands. Interneurons: neurons that carry messages from one neuron to another.

Motor neurons

Types of neurons

The synapse Synapse: area composed of the axon terminal of one neuron, the synaptic space, and the dendrite or cell body of the next neuron. Neurotransmitters: chemicals released by the synaptic vesicles that travel across the synaptic space and affect adjacent neurons. Synaptic vesicles: tiny sacs in a terminal button that release chemicals into the synapse.

The synapse

The synapse

The central nervous system CNS: division of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord.

The hindbrain Area that containing the medulla, pons, and cerebellum.

Forebrain/Midbrain/Hindbrain

Cerebral cortex Frontal lobe: part of cerebral cortex that is responsible for voluntary movement; it is also important for attention, goal-directed behavior, and appropriate emotional experiences.

The four lobes of the cerebral cortex Occipital lobe: part of the cerebral hemisphere that receives and interprets visual information. Parietal lobe: part of the cerebral cortex that receives sensory information from throughout the body. Temporal lobe: part of the cerebral hemisphere that helps regulate hearing, balance and equilibrium, and certain emotions and motivations.

The four lobes of the cerebral cortex

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) Somatic nervous system: the part of the PNS that carries messages from the senses to the CNS and between the CNS and the skeletal muscles. Autonomic nervous system: the part of the PNS that carries messages between the CNS and the internal organs.

The autonomic nervous system Sympathetic division: branch of the autonomic nervous system; it prepares the body for quick action in an emergency. Parasympathetic division: branch of the autonomic nervous system; it calms and relaxes the body.

ANS

THE END