Solid-State Devices & Circuits ECE 342 Solid-State Devices & Circuits 14. CB and CG Amplifiers Jose E. Schutt-Aine Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Illinois jschutt@emlab.uiuc.edu

Common Gate Amplifier Substrate is not connected to the source must account for body effect Drain signal current becomes And since sedr42021_0627a.jpg Body effect is fully accounted for by using

Common Gate Amplifier

Common Gate Amplifier

Common Gate Amplifier Taking ro into account adds a component (RL/Ao) to the input resistance. The open-circuit voltage gain is: The voltage gain of the loaded CG amplifier is:

CG Output Resistance

CG Amplifier as Current Buffer sedr42021_0630.jpg Gis is the short-circuit current gain

High-Frequency Response of CG - Include CL to represent capacitance of load - Cgd is grounded - No Miller effect sedr42021_0631a.jpg

High-Frequency Response of CG 2 poles: fP2 is usually lower than fp1 fP2 can be dominant Both fP1 and fP2 are usually much higher than fP in CS case

CB Amplifier sedr42021_0633a.jpg

High-Frequency Analysis of CB Amplifier The amplifier’s upper cutoff frequency will be the lower of these two poles. From current gain analysis

MOS Cascode Amplifier Common source amplifier, followed by common gate stage – G2 is an incremental ground

MOS Cascode Amplifier CS cacaded with CG  Cascode Very popular configuration Often considered as a single stage amplifier Combine high input impedance and large transconductance in CS with current buffering and superior high frequency response of CG Can be used to achieve equal gain but wider bandwidth than CS Can be used to achieve higher gain with same GBW as CS

MOS Cascode Incremental Model

MOS Cascode Analysis KCL at vs2

MOS Cascode Analysis Two cases

MOS Cascode Analysis CASE 1 The voltage gain becomes

MOS Cascode Analysis CASE 2 The voltage gain becomes

MOS Cascode at High Frequency The upper corner frequency of the cascode can be approximated as:

MOS Cascode at High Frequency Capacitance Cgs1 sees a resistance Rsig Capacitance Cgd1 sees a resistance Rgd1 Capacitance (Cdb1+Cgs2) sees resistance Rd1 Capacitance (CL+Cgd2) sees resistance (RL||Rout)

MOS Cascode at High Frequency If Rsig is large, to extend the bandwidth we must lower RL. This lowers Rd1 and makes the Miller effect insignificant If Rsig is small, there is no Miller effect. A large value of RL will give high gain

Effect of Cascoding (when Rsig=0) sedr42021_0639abc.jpg

Cascode Example

Cascode Example The internal conductance of the current source is: The cascode circuit has a dc drain current of 50 mA for all transistors supplied by current mirror M3. Parameters are gm1=181 mA/V, gm2=195 mA/V, gds1= 5.87 mA/V, gmb2=57.1 mA/V, gds2= 0.939 mA, gds3= 3.76 mA/V, Cdb2 = 9.8 fF, Cgd2 = 1.5 fF, Cdb3=40.9 fF, Cgd3= 4.5 fF. Find midband gain and approximate upper corner frequency The internal conductance of the current source is: Therefore, we use Case 2 to compute the gain

Cascode Example Gain can be approximated by Upper corner frequency is approximated by

BJT Cascode Amplifier Common emitter amplifier, followed by common base stage – Base of Q2 is an incremental ground

BJT Cascode Incremental Model

BJT Cascode Analysis Ignoring rx2

BJT Cascode Analysis

BJT Cascode Analysis If Rs << rx1+rp1, the voltage gain can be approximated by

BJT Cascode at High Frequency Define rcs as the internal impedance of the current source. R includes generator resistance and base resistance rx1 base of Q1

BJT Cascode at High Frequency There is no Miller multiplication from the input of Q2 (emitter) to the output (collector).

BJT Cascode at High Frequency

BJT Cascode at High Frequency

Cascode Amplifier – High Frequency High-frequency incremental model

Cascode Amplifier – High Frequency Applying Kirchoff’s current law to each node: Find solution using a computer

Cascode Amplifier – High Frequency As an example use: gm=0.4 mhos b=100 rp=250 ohms rx=20 ohms Cp=100 pF Cm=5 pf GL=5 mmhos GS’=4.5 mmhos ZEROS POLES sa=8.0 ns-1 sd=-0.0806 nsec-1 sb=-2.02 + j5.99 se=-0.644 sc=-2.02 – j5.99 sf=-4.05 sg=-16.45

Cascode Amplifier – High Frequency If one pole is at a much lower frequency than the zeros and the other poles, (dominant pole) we can approximate w3dB For the same gain, a single stage amplifier would yield: Second stage in cascode increases bandwidth

CE Cascade Amplifier Exact analysis too tedious  use computer CE cascade has low upper-cutoff frequency

Cascode Amplifier First stage is CE and second stage is CB If Rs << rp1, the voltage gain can be approximated by

Cascode Amplifier – High Frequency High-frequency incremental model

Cascode Amplifier – High Frequency Applying Kirchoff’s current law to each node: Find solution using a computer

Cascode Amplifier – High Frequency As an example use: gm=0.4 mhos b=100 rp=250 ohms rx=20 ohms Cp=100 pF Cm=5 pf GL=5 mmhos GS’=4.5 mmhos ZEROS (nsec-1) POLES (nsec-1) sa=8.0 sd=-0.0806 sb=-2.02 + j5.99 se=-0.644 sc=-2.02 – j5.99 sf=-4.05 sg=-16.45

Cascode Amplifier – High Frequency If one pole is at a much lower frequency than the zeros and the other poles, (dominant pole) we can approximate w3dB For the same gain, a single stage amplifier would yield: Second stage in cascode increases bandwidth