Cell Notes 11-5-12

Cell Theory: All living things are made of at least one cell. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things. Cells come from other cells

Types of Cells: Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Very simple cells No nucleus lack many organelles Contains only cell membrane, cytoplasm, & DNA Bacteria cells Eukaryotic More complex cells Contain a nucleus Contain many organelles Plant cells Animal cells

Cell Organelles Organelle means “tiny organ” Found only in eukaryotic cells A tiny structure inside a cell that carries out a particular function

1. Cell Membrane Surrounds & protects the cell Controls the passage of materials into & out of the cell Present in all cells

2. Nucleus Controls all cell activities Holds the genetic information (DNA) (deoxyribonucleic acid)

3. Cytoplasm The jellylike fluid that fills the cell & holds the organelles in place Where all the cell processes take place Present in all cells

4. Mitochondria “Powerhouse” of the cell Produces & releases energy for the cell Breaks down food to release energy

5. Ribosomes Make proteins for the cell Found throughout the cytoplasm, and on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum “Highway” of the cell Complicated network of folded membranes Transports substances to different places in the cell

7. Golgi Bodies Gathers, packages and transports proteins and other substances out of the cell

8. Lysosomes Help cells digest proteins Digests food and living matter Sometimes used to destroy itself

9. Vacuoles: “Storage tanks” Store water, food, or waste for the cells In plants cells, there is one large vacuole In animal cells, there are several small vacuoles

10. Cell Wall Rigid outer layer of plant cells only Add extra protection, shape, and support for the plant cells

11. Chloroplasts Contain green pigment called chlorophyll that can capture sunlight In plant cells only