Force – An interaction between two objects resulting in a push or a pull. Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C.)

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Presentation transcript:

Force – An interaction between two objects resulting in a push or a pull. Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C.)

Aristotelian Physics Earthly (Sublunary) Region – The abode of change and corruption, where things came into being, grew, matured, decayed, and died Cosmos Heavens – The region of perfection, where there was no change. Earth – The heaviest of the four elements whose natural place was the center of the cosmos. Sublunary Region Water Air Fire Filled with aether (quintessence), whose motion was in perfect circles. Each planet had its own spherical shell of aether that moved constantly at its own speed with no space between them. Heavens

Aristotelian Physics Natural Motion – Motion resulting from an object trying to reach its natural place. Either straight up or straight down. Motion Violent Motion – Motion imposed on an object by an outside force – Motion only lasts as long as the force.

Ptolemy (2nd Century AD)

Ptolemaic (Geocentric) Solar System

Ptolemaic Solar system had 40 different epicycles and deferents. Explanation of observed retrograde motion of certain planets in the Ptolemaic system Demo Ptolemaic Solar system had 40 different epicycles and deferents.

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)

Copernican (Heliocentric) Solar System De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium ("On the Revolutions of the Celestial Orbs"), which was published in Nuremberg in 1543, the year of his death.

Problems with the Copernican (Heliocentric) Solar System The “impossibility” of a moving Earth. Religious implications. Lack of stellar parallax.

Parallax Problem

Since the Earth is so far away from the stars, the effect of parallax is minimized.

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Inertia – The tendency of an object to continue in its same state of motion.

Sir Isaac Newton (December 25th, 1642-1727) Newton’s First Law of Motion – An object will continue in its same state of motion unless acted upon by a net force. Net Force - vector sum of the forces