Introduction to Nursing TOPIC 1: Introduction to Nursing Learning Goal C: Identify the systems of a healthy body HLT33115 Unit: HLTAAP001 - Recognise healthy body systems Related Assessment: Task C

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Endocrine System Endocrine System regulates organs function and maintains homeostasis around the body through production of hormones. . http://www.innerbody.com/image/nervov.html

Thyroid and Parathyroid Thymus Adrenal Glands Pancreas Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Pineal Gland Thyroid and Parathyroid Thymus Adrenal Glands Pancreas Gonads (Ovaries for females, testicles for males) http://www.innerbody.com/image/nervov.html

Endocrine system Responsibility for regulating hormones that act upon other systems to maintain homeostasis. these include: Hypothalamus – Growth Hormones – for growth development Pituitary gland Oxytocin -breastfeeding in birth ADH - prevents loss of water by acting on the kidneys and reduces blood flow to the sweat glands, Human Growth Hormone to stimulate growth and repair Thyroid stimulating hormone – stimulates the thyroid.

Endocrine system Pineal Gland - produce melatonin to regulate sleep – wake cycle – impacted by the photoreceptors in the retina (low light =sleep, light =wake) Thyroid Gland - produce hormones for metabolic rate. Calcitonin – helps uptake of calcium into the bones Thyroxine – increase body’s metabolic rate to increase cellular activity and energy use (this controls temperature of the body) Thymus - Thymosin - supports immune development during infancy and childhood. .

Endocrine system Parathyroid Gland - Produced Parathyroid Hormone, stimulate calcium breakdown of the bone. Adrenal Gland – Glucocorticoids - breakdown lipids and proteins into glucose, Mineralocorticoids - concentrate minerals in the body, and Androgens (i.e. testosterone)- regulate growth and gender development, Adrenaline - fight or flight response to stress (increase heart rate, breathing rate and blood pressure and decrease flow of blood to and from non-vital organs.)

Endocrine system Pancreas - Produce Glucagon (raises blood glucose levels) and Insulin (lowers blood glucose levels). Gonads - (Testes - make testosterone) and (Ovaries - make estrogen and progesterone)

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Blood glucose level should be between 4-7.8 An endocrine system should maintain normal hormonal regulation for homeostasis – These include: Blood glucose level should be between 4-7.8 Maintain body temperature between 36.5-37.5 C. Blood pressure remains normal for age (Adults remains around 120/80) Fight or flight reaction controlled (heart rate increases for stress and slows down to 60-80bpm at rest for adults) Developmental hormonal levels appropriate for age (puberty) Sleep – wake pattern in take http://www.innerbody.com/image/nervov.html

So What. Summary Key Terms- these are taken from our discussions So What? Summary Key Terms- these are taken from our discussions. Please note these are not exact definitions but provide a general understanding. Endocrine System: regulates organs function and maintains homeostasis around the body through production of hormones. Endocrine System Organs: Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads Endocrine Tissue: epithelial tissue Endocrine Cells: neurons, Beta cells of pancreas etc. Endocrine systems works in combination with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis (normal function), through excreting hormones into the blood to regulate function i.e. pancreas secretes the hormone insulin into the blood to control blood sugar levels, or Pituitary gland signals to thyroid to excrete hormones to control body temperature, or adrenal glands excretes adrenaline to control heart rate and respiratory rate etc. Key Terms Homeostasis – normal function of the body Hormone – molecules secreted by organs of the endocrine system that act upon other cells causing changes. - Hypothalamus - controls endocrine system Pituitary gland – controls thyroid (temperature), adrenal gland (adrenalin) Pineal gland – controls sleep wake cycles Thyroid – Controls metabolism (thus controls temperature) Parathyroid – controls Calcium break down from the bones Adrenal Glands – Controls adrenaline which acts to cause fight or flight response (i.e. increase heart rate, resp rate etc.) Pancreas – Controls insulin – thus controls the glucose in our blood Gonads – controls sexual hormones for sexual development and growth Healthy Endocrine system: maintain normal hormonal regulation for homeostasis – These include: Blood glucose level should be between 4-7.8 Maintain body temperature between 36.5-37.5 C. Healthy cont. 4) Blood pressure remains normal for age (Adults remains around 120/80) 5) Fight or flight reaction controlled (heart rate increases for stress and slows down to 60-80bpm at rest for adults) 6) Developmental hormonal levels appropriate for age (puberty) 7) Sleep – wake pattern in take Observations are recorded: -Blood sugar or Blood glucose levels -Temperature -BP, Pulse and Respiratory rate -Bloods