+ ESTERIFICATION O C C C C C O C C C C C H H H H H OH H O H H H H H H THE DOTTED WHITE LINE SHOWS WHERE THE NEW BOND FORMS H H H H H C C C OH H O C C H H H H H PROPANOIC ACID ETHANOL O H H H H H C C C O C C H + HOH H H H H ESTER LINKAGE ACID PART ALCOHOL PART ALCOHOL PART ACID PART ETHYL PROPIONATE
EACH C HAS 4 BONDS, EACH H ONLY 1, EACH HALOGEN ONLY 1 ADDITION (ALKENE) 2-BUTENE (CNH2N) BROMINE H H H H REMEMBER EACH C HAS 4 BONDS, EACH H ONLY 1, EACH HALOGEN ONLY 1 + Br2 H C C C C H ! H H 2,3 DIBRIMO BUTANE H H Br H H H H H SAME AS H C C C C H H C C C C H ! H Br H H H Br Br H 2,3 DIBRIMO BUTANE, THESE STRUCTURES ARE NOT ISOMERS, THEY ARE THE SAME, THE SINGLE BOND ROTATES.
+ ADDITION (ALKYNE) C C C C C C C C C C C C H H Br2 H H H H H Br H H H 2-BUTYNE(CNH2N-2) BROMINE H H + Br2 H C C C C H H H THE CIS AND TRANS ISOMERS ARE NOT INTERCHANGEABLE, THERE IS NO ROTATION OF DOUBLE BONDS 2,3 DIBRIMO BUTANE H Br H H H H C C C C H H C C C C H H Br H H Br Br H CIS ISOMER TRANS ISOMER
! + SUBSTITUTION (ALKANE) C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H Br2 H H H H BUTANE(CNH2N+2) BROMINE H H H H + Br2 H C C C C H H H H H REMEMBER A MIXTURE OF ISOMERS MAY BE OBTAINED IN SUBSTITUTION. 3 BROMO BUTANE 1 BROMO BUTANE ! H H H H H H H H H C C C C H H C C C C H H H H Br H Br H H