Chemistry – Oct 19, 2018 Get out the Heat WS for a HMK check

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Chemistry – Oct 19, 2018 Get out the Heat WS for a HMK check P3 Challenge- (Try by memory before looking up) 1. Provide the elemental symbol for: Copper, Sodium, Chlorine, Nitrogen, Hydrogen 2. Provide the elemental name for: K, C, Ag, O, Ne Objective – Solutions and Solubility Agenda – HMK review Solutions Solubility Assignment: - Solutions Worksheet

Solubility Definitions Solute, Solvent, Solution Solubility – The number of grams of a substance that can be dissolved in 100 g of solvent (usually water) at 25◦C. Temperature for solubility must be given because the higher the temperature, the more solute one can dissolve in a solvent. Saturated: A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute. Can identify because there will be solid solute present. Unsaturated: A solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute possible. Most solutions. Supersaturated: A solution that contains more than the maximum amount of solute A rare and unstable condition that is difficult to create.

Example The solubility of KNO3 Potassium nitrate at 25 ◦C is 38.0 g in 100 g water. If a solution contains 38.0 g in 100 g water at 25 ◦C, it is saturated. If a solution contains less than 38.0 g in 100 g water at 25 ◦C, it is unsaturated. If a solution contains more than 38.0 g in 100 g water at 25 ◦C, it is supersaturated. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HnSg2cl09PI A supersaturated example of sodium acetate in water. (Pretty Crystal) How do you create a supersaturated solution? Take a saturated solution, add extra solute, heat until all solute dissolves, then CAREFULLY and SLOWLY cool the solution back to the original temperature. The extra solid will stay in solution until a seed crystal is introduced, or the solution is agitated.

Solubility Curves Plots the solubility at different temperatures for different substances. Read solubility given temperature. Read temperature for a given solubility. Compare solubility of two temperatures. For a solution described, determine saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated. On or above line: Saturated, Below line: Unsaturated Above line (special case): Supersaturated

Solubility Calculations More or less than 100 g of water? Set up a proportion. Ex: How many grams of substance A dissolve in 250 g of water at 30˚C. The Solubility Curve tells you that 150 g of A dissolves in 100 g of water at 30˚C. Then set up and solve this proportion: 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝐠 𝑨 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐠 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 𝒙 𝒈 𝑨 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐠 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 Cross multiply to solve. (100 g water)(x g A) = (150 g A)(250 g water) x = 375 g A  

Solubility of Gases For solids, as temperature increases, solubility increases. For gases, as temperature increases, solubility decreases. Note that the solubility of a gas is MUCH lower than solids. Milligrams in 1000 g water compared to grams in 100 g water 10,000 times smaller solubility Solubility curve used the same way.

Exit Slip - Homework Exit Slip: none What’s Due? (Pending assignments to complete.) Solutions Worksheet What’s Next? (How to prepare for the next day) Start reviewing for Test 2 Oct 30 – Look for review sheet online.