Skint-1 Identifies a Common Molecular Mechanism for the Development of Interferon-γ- Secreting versus Interleukin-17-Secreting γδ T Cells  Gleb Turchinovich, Adrian C. Hayday  Immunity  Volume 35, Issue 1, Pages 59-68 (July 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.04.018 Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Immunity 2011 35, 59-68DOI: (10.1016/j.immuni.2011.04.018) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Altered Functional Maturation of FVB.Tac Vγ5 Thymocytes (A) Expression of Xcl1, Ctsw, and Tbx21 in flow cytometry-purified E15 and E16 Vγ5+ thymocytes was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. (A, D, E) Graphs show means ± SEM; assay performed in triplicates. (B) E16 FVB.WT and FVB.Tac fetal thymocytes were stimulated with PMA and ionomycin for 4 hr in presence of Brefeldin A, and production of IFN-γ and IL-17A was detected by intracellular flow cytometry analysis; figures representative of four independent experiments. Numbers denote percentages of cells in designated gates. (C) Flow cytometry analysis of E16 fetal thymocytes in WT and Tac mice stained for TCRδ, TCRVγ5Vδ1, NK1.1, and CD27; plots representative of three independent experiments. (D) Expression of Rorc and Scart2 by FVB.Tac and WT E15 and E16 fetal thymocytes was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. (E) Expression of Sox13, Blk, Bcl11b, and Cpa3 in flow cytometry-sorted Vγ5+ and Vγ5− fetal γδ T cells was assayed by real-time RT-PCR. Immunity 2011 35, 59-68DOI: (10.1016/j.immuni.2011.04.018) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Skint-1-Dependent Selection Is Mediated by Egr3, NFAT, and NF-κB (A) Egr3 expression in flow cytometry-purified Vγ5+ fetal thymocytes was assessed by real-time RT-PCR (A, F). Data are means of triplicates ± SEM. (B and C) E15 FVB.Tac fetal thymus cells were transduced with Skint1-IRES-GFP (B), Egr3-IRES-GFP (C) retrovirus, or GFP alone as control, reaggregated, and analyzed after 6 days of culture. Plots are gated on viable lymphoid cells (B) or viable GFP+ cells (C); numbers indicate percentages of cells in designated gates. Representative of five (B) and three (C) independent experiments. (D) E14 FVB.WT fetal thymi were cultured in presence of an NFAT inhibitor INCA-6 (20 μM) for 6 days and analyzed by flow cytometry. Plots are gated on viable lymphoid cells and are representative of two independent experiments. (E) E14 FVB.WT RTOCs were transduced with an IκBα super-repressor and analyzed 6 days postaggregation. Upper plots are gated on viable GFP+ events; representative of three independent experiments. (F) Vγ5+ thymoctes were purified from cultures as in (D) and (E) by flow cytometry, and Tbx21 expression was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Immunity 2011 35, 59-68DOI: (10.1016/j.immuni.2011.04.018) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Sox13 and RORγt Collaboratively but Differentially Define Vγ5+Vδ1+ T Cell Development in the Absence of Skint-1 (A) E14 WT RTOCs were transduced with retroviral vectors encoding for Sox13, RORγt, or GFP as a control, and analyzed 6 days postaggregation by flow cytometry. Upper plots are gated on viable GFP+ cells, then as indicated; representative of four independent experiments. Numbers indicate percentages of cells in designated gates. (B) WT RTOCs were cotransduced with Sox13-IRES-Plum and RORγt-IRES-GFP or empty vectors as controls and analyzed 6 days postaggregation. Plots are gated on Plum+GFP+ double transduced cells; numbers indicate percentages of cells in designated gates. (C) E14 FVB.WT fetal thymocytes were transduced as in (A), and IL-7Rα expression was analyzed by flow cytometry after 8 days of culture. Histograms gated on viable GFP+Vγ5+Vδ1+ cells; representative of three independent experiments. (D) E14 FVB.Tac RTOCs were transduced with Egr3 or control GFP retrovirus, cultured for 4 days, dissociated, and stimulated with PMA and ionomycin for 4 hr in the presence of Brefeldin A; data representative of two independent experiments. Immunity 2011 35, 59-68DOI: (10.1016/j.immuni.2011.04.018) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Vγ5+ T Cells Developing in the Absence of Skint-1 Display Properties Characteristic of Vγ6+ Cells (A) Vγ5+ T cells are present in the uterus of FVB.Tac mice. Uterine lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry; upper plots are gated on viable CD45+TCRδ+ cells, whereas lower histograms show CD27 expression by Vγ5+ (solid black line) and Vγ5− (shaded gray) uterine γδ T cells. (B) Uterine IELs were stimulated with PMA and ionomycin, and production of IL-17A and IFN-γ was analyzed by flow cytometry (top and bottom). Plots are gated as indicated. Simultaneous staining with the 17D1 and GL3 antibodies captures all Vγ6+Vδ1+ cells and Vγ5+Vδ1+ cells; subsequent use of the 536 antibody shows this capture to contain a discrete Vγ5+Vδ1+ population in FVB.Tac mice (right middle), that is negligible in WT mice (left middle). Like the total uterine γδ cell population, these Vγ5+Vδ1+ cells are enriched in IL-17A potential versus IFN-γ potential (bottom). Data shown are representative of three independent experiments. Immunity 2011 35, 59-68DOI: (10.1016/j.immuni.2011.04.018) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Molecular Signatures of Skint-1-Mediated Selection Are Conserved in the Adult (A and B) Flow cytometry analysis of surface marker expression (A) and cytokine production (B) by adult thymic γδ T cells; plots representative of four (A) and two (B) independent experiments. (C) Relative expression of Egr3, Tbx21, Sox13, and Rorc in flow cytometry-sorted populations of adult thymic γδ T cells. (D) TCR signaling controls the expression of Egr3, Sox13, and Egr3 by thymic γδ T cells after 16 hr of stimulation with TCR antibody. Data shown are means of triplicates ± SEM. Immunity 2011 35, 59-68DOI: (10.1016/j.immuni.2011.04.018) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions