COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Topic I – introduction Some Basic Stuff COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Some Basic Stuff my name: Bill Johnson (Dr. J) email: M5Bill@yahoo.com phone: 851-1683 or 825-2340 web sites: www.doctaj.com WebCT.ccri.edu COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Some Basic Stuff preparing for lecture: you should download PowerPoints from WebCT – look them over and try to answer questions – bring them to class download “Possible answers” COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Some Basic Stuff grading: quizzes – 7 or 8 NO MAKEUPS! Dr. J will drop the low quiz quiz average counts 20% of your total COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Some Basic Stuff exams – 1 – part essay and part short answer exam counts 20% of your total lab counts 20% of your total COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Some Basic Stuff final exam: part essay and part short answer final exam counts 40% of your total it is cumulative COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Some Basic Stuff no food or beverages in the lab keep valuables with you if you leave clean up after yourselves – solids into waste baskets – fluids into proper container COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Some Basic Stuff bone us points: Jeopardy student evaluation of the course COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Some Basic Stuff how do grades run (863)? A – 32.0% B – 35.0% C – 25.8% D – 6.1% F – 1.0% Drop – 12.8%(as of summer 2010) COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Introduction we learn most normal physiology by studying diseases we will study physical and chemical processes that allow us to function in a way that allows us to stay alive COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Introduction emphasis on understanding concepts rather than many facts in order to have these actions be beneficial, we need control and feedback mechanisms COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Introduction we will study and try to understand the mechanisms we will find that most physiological actions provide benefit in our ability to survive COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Topic I – introduction 2. Basic Concepts COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts let’s review levels of biological organization: COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts e.g. epithelial, muscle, neuron, osteocyte, ovum all carry out similar functions that are necessary for their existence – these are? COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts most cells can perform all or most of these functions plus specialized functions specialized functions are usually modified normal functions COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts cell cont.: specialized functions are often reflected in specialized morphology – e.g. rbcs COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts note that the red blood cells are biconcave disks and very small – what does this affect? COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts e.g. epithelial, muscle, nerve, connective, reproductive COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts e.g. skin, biceps brachii, heart, brain, humerus, ovary COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts e.g. integumentary, cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, reproductive COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts e.g. you and me  COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts generally organ systems are integrated to maximize likelihood of success with some degree of efficiency COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts cells in a multicellular organism have special problems: organs and organ systems must provide suitable environment for cell to live extracellular fluid is the environment COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts extracellular fluid: medium for exchange to and from cell extracellular fluid is similar to seawater – has nutrients, electrolytes, and O2 provides relatively constant internal environment for cells COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts extracellular fluid has two fractions: COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts extracellular fluid cont.: Na+, Cl-, and HCO3- are the dominant ions proteins in this fluid can be variable this is half the volume of the cellular volume (intracellular) COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts intracellular fluid: less Na+ and Cl-, more K+, Mg+2, and phosphates how can there be differences? COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Basic Concepts water makes up about 56% of our mass! COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis our systems work to preserve a relatively constant internal environment e.g. if the glucose level of the blood drops – the liver releases glucose into the blood to restore the glucose concentration COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis many factors are regulated – O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, electrolytes, temperature, etc. accomplished by two transport mechanisms: COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis primarily accomplished via? supplemented by? rate determined by activity state of the individual COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis between tissues and capillaries only effective over short distances net movement from high to low concentrations COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis not everything diffuses outward – what would not? why? COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis what organs or organ systems affect the plasma contents? COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis organs or organ systems affect the plasma contents cont.: COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis organs or organ systems affect the plasma contents cont.: COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis other organs or organ systems perform in a supportive role obviously we need coordination to achieve stability control achieved using? COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis controls: much of the nervous tissue is in the autonomic system – subconscious reduce variation around the acceptable environmental conditions (normal state) COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis controls cont. – home temperature : room gets cool thermostat signals furnace heat released – warms room thermostat signals furnace to stop heating COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis thermostats are control devices that use negative feedback temperature kept in acceptable range COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis controls cont. – glucose levels: glucose level drops COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis controls cont.: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis controls cont.:  COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis controls cont.:  COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis controls cont.: the receptor is usually a sensory cell the integration center is usually the brain and spinal cord the efferent pathway is often motor neurons – or hormones COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis controls cont.: hormones are produced by the endocrine system – transported by the blood (the circulatory system is the efferent pathway) COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis controls cont.: if speed is essential – nerves are the efferent pathway if speed is not essential – hormones are more often used – longer duration the two pathways work together in many cases COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis control usually accomplished with negative feedback positive feedback only short term – eventually switches to negative feedback some systems more sensitive than others COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Basic Concepts – homeostasis if control systems break down – sickness or death reproduction is the link above the organism level COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Topic I – introduction No quiz yet – the first quiz will cover Topics I-III COPYRIGHT 2011 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED