CDR Stephen Markle USN (ret) Program Manager and Director Electric Ships Office NAVSEA PMS 320

US Navy Ship Power Systems: The Leap Forward National Shipbuilding Research Program – All Panel 13 March 2019 Mr. Stephen P. Markle, PE Director and Program Manager Electric Ships Office (PMS320) stephen.markle@navy.mil 202.781.4427 Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release: Distribution is unlimited. CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

Power System Considerations “I’m going to buy as much as I can afford. As much power as I can afford. Because I know by the time I retire the ship I’ll use it all.” Admiral John Richardson 31st U.S. Chief of Naval Operations Directed Energy Summit I March 29, 2017 Buy as much power as you can afford Power (esp. with electric propulsion) is fundamental to ship design and affects major components, arrangements, superstructure, compartmentalization, & ship control The power system must include a better approach to distribution flexibility throughout the ship’s service life; current design practices optimize for current requirements DDG 1000 has plenty of installed power but a distribution system limited to current requirements DDG 51 Flight III includes a costly power system upgrade for AMDR that was not in the original design Follow & Inform the N96 Surface Capability Evolution Plan (SCEP) The Electric Power System is the Foundation of the Ship’s Kill Chain CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

Evolution of the next large surface combatant… FUTURE FORCE STRUCTURE “The prioritized shipbuilding plan assigns the highest priority to frontline combat platforms, affording the opportunity to quickly adopt new capabilities in response to emerging disruptive capabilities…” Annual Long-Range Plan for Construction of Naval Vessels (2019) DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY High energy weapons and sensors required to pace technology, outpace adversaries, and maintain maritime dominance Maintain flexibility to rapidly introduce new mission systems Naval Directed Energy Weapons and Sensors Weapon Demand Sensor Demand EW Demand Mission Capability Key to Disruptive Technology is an Agile Power System… CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

Directed Energy Mission System Power Demands Power = Energy/Time or Energy = Power x Time Current Future Generator Response to Load TIME Kinetic Weapons Generators operate at continuous loading for efficiency & reliability Current generators cannot respond quickly and dynamically to new demands Energy Storage Response to Load ENERGY STORAGE PROVIDES PULSE POWER GENERATOR CHARGES ENERGY STORAGE TIME Directed Energy Weapons and Sensors Pulses of a different nature require different ranges of pulse power technologies Future directed energy demands need common large scale energy storage Sensor Demand POWER Mission Capability POWER Sensor Demand Weapon Demand EW Demand ? Future Demands Key to Success = Energy Storage and Advanced Controls CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

Path to Future Power and Energy are the Foundation of the Kill Chain Shared energy storage for new dynamic loads Minimize space, weight and cooling impacts Utilize all shipboard energy to produce useful power Path to the future Shift the power interface Develop a common intermediate power and energy system Advance Fully Integrated Power and Energy Systems MIL-STD- LVDC/MVDC ENERGY MAGAZINE IPES Validation Back fit / Forward fit New Ship Design CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

The Guidebook: NPES TDR Naval Power and Energy Systems Technology Development Roadmap Aligned to the Navy’s 30 year shipbuilding plan and Surface Capability Evolution Plan (SCEP) Serves as a guide for future investment by Navy, DoD, Industry, and Academia Includes all major product areas for Naval Power Systems Prime Movers Generators Energy Storage Electric Motors Distribution Systems Power Converters Controls Thermal Management Originally issued in 2007, updated and re-issued in 2013, 2015 and 2019 Planned NPES BAA Announcement FY19Q2 CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

Required Initiatives (2019 – 2037) Reference: Figure 6 pg 38-39 NPES TDR CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

NPES TDR: Power Converter Metrics Naval Power & Energy Systems Technology Development Roadmap Navy Power & Energy R&D Enterprise Way Forward Guide for Investment Decisions Government Industry Development Targets Metrics Benchmark Near Term 2019 - 2025 Mid Term 2026 - 2035 Low Power Converter Nominal Power Level Cabinet Power Density Efficiency Interface-1 Voltages Interface-2 Voltages 3 MW 0.25 MW/m3 96% 4.16kVAC, 450VAC 1kVDC 800 kW – 4 MW 0.33 - 1MW/m3 98% 13.8kV, 4.16kV, 450VAC, 12kVDC, 6kVDC, 1kVDC 300 - 1kVDC 2 - 10 MW 1.25 – 2MW/m3 97 - 99% 6, 12, 18kVDC 450VAC, 4.16kVAC, 13.8KVAC 300 - 1kVDC, 6, 12kVDC High Power - Nominal Power Level 34MW Scalable to 6 - 10 MW 21 - 36 MW Converter - Cabinet Power Density 0.45 MW/m3 0.33 - 1MW/m3 1.25 – 2MW/m3 - Efficiency 96% 98% 98 - 99% - Interface-1 Voltages 4.16kVAC 6, 12, 18kVDC, 4.16kVAC, 13.8KVAC - Interface-2 Voltages - 6, 12kVDC CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

Shifting the Interface Energy Magazine Bridges the path to the Future with Back-fit Installations Intermediate Navy Uses Current and Future Naval Interfaces Energy Storage Types & Functions SEWIP Block III Future Systems SSL-TM & HELIOS AMDR Load Balancing UPS Reduction Energy Magazine 375V DC 650V DC 1000V DC FUTURE INTERFACE: MIL-STD 1399 LVDC/MVDC (draft) Backup Power Power Quality and Control Energy Magazine Power Conversion & Controls Energy Storage Interface Control Document (ICD) development by PMS 320 FUTURE INTERFACE: MIL-STD 1399 LVDC/MVDC (draft) CURRENT INTERFACE: MIL-STD 1399 (440VAC) Electrical Distribution CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

Energy Magazine: Leveraging 6 Years of Investment Upgrade for Shipboard Use Energy Magazine 2013: Energy Storage Module-Land (ESM-L): Proof of Concept for SSL-TM Land Demo Testing Lead acid battery based technology in 28’ conex box 2019: Energy Storage Module-Ship (ESM-S): Second ESM Unit Modified for SSL-TM on LPD 27 Enables 4 min of SSL operation Define internal interfaces Power Electronics Energy Storage 2018: Energy Magazine Laser (EM-L) ESM Capability in 1/10 the size with lithium batteries Supports Laser Engagement Profiles 2021: Energy Magazine Prototype (EM-P) Separate the interface between Power Electronics and Batteries Leverage early investment 2019: Multi-function Energy Storage Module (MFESM) Power Electronics with Hybridized Energy Storage: Batteries + Capacitors 2020: Combined Energy Magazine (EM) Early Transition of MFESM Batteries with Energy Magazine Laser Prototype CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

Energy Magazine (EM) – RFI 02 JAN 19 Request for Information for Multi-Application Shipboard Energy Magazine Requirements Development Solicitation Number: N00024-19-R-4112 Agency: Department of the Navy Office: Naval Sea Systems Command Location: NAVSEA HQ □ RFI N0002419R4112 released on 1-2-19 Responses requested by 1-21-19 Responses received after this date will be entertained RFI included a review of functional requirements and the following: Technical Scope and Functional Questions Statement of Work and Schedule Related Questions Business Processes and Approach Questions Small Business Interest “The Navy is interested in the applications for higher voltage Silicon-Carbide (SiC) wide band-gap devices and how they improve power electronics performance. How would the application of SiC devices impact the design performance for the Energy Magazine and what would be negative factors which would lead to not applying this technology? “ Reference: Question: A6 CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

Future Surface Combatant Force: Large Surface Combatant Request for Information for Large Surface Combatant Shipbuilders Requirements Development Solicitation Number: N00024-FY19-LSC-001 Agency: Department of the Navy Office: Naval Sea Systems Command Location: NAVSEA HQ Posted – 15 FEB 2019 Response – 01 APR 2019 URL: https://www.fbo.gov/spg/DON/NAVSEA/NAVSEAHQ/N00024-FY19-LSC-001/listing.html Request for Information for Large Surface Combatant Systems Providers Requirements Development Solicitation Number: N00024-FY19-LSC-002 URL: https://www.fbo.gov/spg/DON/NAVSEA/NAVSEAHQ/N00024-FY19-LSC-002/listing.html “Background: A requirements analysis process for a Future Surface Combatant Force (FSCF) is being conducted by the U.S. Navy. The Future Surface Combatant Force is envisioned to include Large Surface Combatants (LSC), Small Surface Combatants (SSC), Optionally Manned or Unmanned Surface Vehicles (O/USV) and a common Integrated Combat System (ICS). The Navy is currently developing requirements for a LSC as part of the FSCF vision. The Navy's LSC Program will be a new acquisition program that will leverage the DDG 51 Flight III combat system while identifying and evaluating the integration of non-developmental mechanical and electrical systems into a new or modified hull design, incorporating platform flexibility and growth opportunities to meet future Fleet requirements…” CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release: Distribution is unlimited.

IPES: Required for CO to Access Total Ship Power Integrated Power System (IPS) Architecture: Shares Propulsion Plant with Ship Service DDG 1000 + Gas Tur bine Electric Motor Fuel Generator Ship Service & Weapons Evolutionary Approach Distribution Distribution IPES Tactical Advantages: Flexibility Maximum Warfighter Control Future Warfare Capability Survivability Limit Casualty Impact and Speed Recovery Whole Ship Power Backup Maneuver on “Battery” Engage Until Last Drop of Fuel Expended Endurance/Efficiency Greater Range & Time on Station mens BlueDrive, al Offshore Service Vessel (OSV) with BlueDrive CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

Things to Work On Read the 2019 NPES TDR Answer the LSC RFI’s by 01 April 2019 Knowledge of DC Distribution Systems & the Capability to Design, Build & Test Terrestrial Best Practices Cable & Bus Pipe Fault Protection Advanced Controls 2007 Shipyard Team Review of Next Generation Integrated Power System Architectures How far have we moved the ball? Converter Based Architectures Common Mode Grounding Control Integration of Energy Storage Into Surface Ships Do You Have the Specifications & Standards to be Successful? What is Missing? Software intensive electric power systems are very difficult… CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

Program Manager Thoughts Fruits of multiple investments in warfighting technology are maturing in near future Power system attributes driven by ship’s warfighting missions • Markle Crystal Ball • Technological enablers for the future: • Stable Bus servicing highly dynamic DC • Expanded use of M&S to include heavy loads reliance on CHIL and PHIL • 12 kVDC IPES Emulation at FSU CAPS • Marriage between Combat Systems and FY19 Machinery Control Systems • 12 kVDC power generation and • “Active State Anticipation” distribution • Dual-wound variable speed prime movers • Uninterruptable Stable Back Up Power • Efficient low loss power conversion • Flexibility for the Future • High frequency power conversion • Wide Band Gap Materials (SiC, GaN, • Total Ship Power Perspective Ga2O3 based devices) • CO’s ability to direct power where & when • Agile Advanced Controls needed • Integrated shared and distributed energy • Transition from AC to DC affordably storage • Accommodate rapidly evolving mission • Media selected by dynamic responses systems required • Thermal Electric Power Generation part • Innovative data analysis  automated of the Holy Grail decision making • Thermal Management Technologies • Validated Specifications and Standards Continued Active Partnership with Academia & Industry is Vital CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release: Distribution is unlimited.