Abolitionism Black Social Thought: Uplift, Race Equality, and Rebellion: David Walker: An Appeal… to the Colored Citizens of the World ridiculed religious pretense of slavery Justified slave uprisings through Biblical examples Advocated violence to end slavery Nat Turner’s Rebellion (1831): Claimed to have revelations from Jesus Rebellion in VA that killed 55 whites 60 blacks, including Turner, were killed in retaliation Slave laws became more harsh Proposal for gradual emancipation was voted down in VA

Abolitionists Evangelical Abolitionism: ***William Lloyd Garrison:*** Radical abolitionist (for his time) Published The Liberator – called for an immediate and uncompensated end to slavery “I will not equivocate and I will be heard.” Called the U.S. Constitution a “covenant with death and an agreement with Hell.”

Abolitionists plan to end slavery Created a 3 prong plan to fight slavery 1. Publicize accounts of realities of slavery Use passages from the Bible to discredit slavery Use incriminating evidence from southern newspapers and testimony to demonstrate realities of slavery 2. Aid Fugitive slaves Underground railroad – Harriet Tubman 3. Political pressure Petitioned Congress to end slavery in DC Civil Disobedience – not paying taxes as slavery is expanded into territory gained from Mexico

Abolitionism Opposition and Internal Conflict: There were few true Abolitionists Many people in the North benefitted from slavery (textile manufacturers, hog farmers) Amalgamation: Many whites opposed the intermarriage of whites and blacks Elijah Lovejoy: Murdered in Illinois, abolitionist and editor of newspaper Gag Rule – All anti-slavery petitions in the House would not be discussed; later overturned by JQA

The abolitionist movement split over women’s rights Garrison’s American Anti-Slavery Society supported women’s rights Opponents of women’s rights formed their own abolitionist organization – “The American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society” A new political party arose from the issue of slavery – The Liberty Party Opposed slavery in the territories Nominated James Birney as their Presidential candidate in 1840.

The Women’s Rights Movement Women played a large role in reforming American Society Origins of the Women’s Movement: Separate Sphere – expectation that women had different roles in society Dorothea Dix – mental health reform Horace Mann – “Father of Education” Tax-Supported elementary schools Schools in the South and West were inferior to the North From Black Rights to Women’s Rights: Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Harriet Beecher Stowe – portrayed the evils of slavery Seneca Falls Convention: Declaration of Sentiments – “All men and women are created equal”