Functional Groups & Organic Reactions Use Table P, Q, R

Vocabulary Review Hydrocarbon Alkane Alkene Alkyne Saturated Hydrocarbon Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

Isomers Structural Isomers – same molecular formula, different structural formula. _______ _______

Draw the isomers of pentane.

Functional Groups

Functional Groups Functional groups are common bonding patterns found in organic molecules. R simply represents a chain or ring of carbons Compounds with the same functional group have similar chemical and physical properties!

Halides Identify the location of the halogen. Name the halogen using the chart fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo Then end the name by naming the carbon chain normally. _________

Fun Fact Halothane is used as an anesthetic. (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1trifluoroehtane)

Alcohol Identify the location of the hydroxide. Name the carbon chain normally. Drop the –E and add -OL. _________

Fun Fact Ethanol is the name for what we commonly call alcohol.

Ether Locate the Oxygen. Name the items on the Left and the Right using Table P and adding –yl If both sides are the same then use di. End the name by adding the word ether. _________

Fun Fact Diethyl ether was once used by doctors for over a century as an anesthetic. It is a dangerous, highly flammable liquid and is usually stored in metal cans to keep it away from direct sunlight.

Aldehyde Name the carbon chain normally. Drop the –e and add –al Aldehyde’s are ALWAYS on the 1st carbon and there for do not need to be located. _________

Fun Fact Formaldehyde is the simplest aldehyde, hence its systematic name methanal. Used to preserve specimens

Ketone Locate the ketone. Name the carbon chain normally. Drop the –e and add –one _________

Fun Fact Many types of nail polish remover contain acetone, a common ketone.

Organic Acid Name the carbon chain normally. Drop the –e and add –oic acid _________

Fun Fact Organic acids give a variety of foods – spoiled or fresh – a distinctive sour taste. Formic acid is the reason behind the stinging of bees and ants.

Ester Find the Oxygen between the Carbons Name the items not connect to the double bonded oxygen. C=O Use –yl Then name the chain of carbons that contains the C=O normally Drope the –e and add -oate

Fun Fact Esters impart the characteristic aromas and flavors of many flowers and fruits. Apple Cinnamon

Amine Amide

Types of ORGANIC Reactions Combustion Substitution Addition Esterification Saponification Fermentation Polymerization

Combustion Combustion reactions occur when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to make CO2 and H2O.

Substitution Organic substitution reactions occur when an alkane and a halogen (Group 17) reacts so that one or more hydrogen atoms on the alkane are replaced with halogen.

Addition Organic addition reactions occur when an alkene or alkyne combine with a halogen to make one product (halide).

Regents Practice Question

Esterification Esterification occurs when an organic acid and an alcohol react to make water and an ester. + 

Saponification Saponification occurs when an ester reacts with a base to make alcohol and a soap.

Fermentation Fermentation reactions occur when yeast catalyze a sugar (C6H12O6) to make carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Regents Practice Question

Regents Practice Question

Regents Practice Questions

Regents Practice Question

Regents Practice Question

Regents Practice Question

May 22nd Bellringer

The more C’s, the Higher the Boiling Point!