National R&E networking infrastructure AAMC GIR MEETING WASHINGTON, DC Steve Corbató, Director of Backbone Network Infrastructure This is a general overview presentation about Internet2. Internet2 is a consortium, led by US universities, which is recreating the partnership among academia, industry and government that fostered today’s Internet in its infancy. 10 March 2001

Key points An overview of the evolving national R&E network infrastructure Why isn’t high performance networking plug-and-play yet and what can we do abut this? Going optical – exposing the core of telecommunications Watch out for genomics! 4/28/2019

Advanced U.S. research university connectivity requirements Research testbed configurable, breakable, measurable infrastructure serving computer science research and advanced engineering traditional province of DARPA Advanced service/application deployment net standards based, 7x24 operation expectation (NSFnet  vBNS  Abilene) National education intranet interconnecting all K-20 educational institutions/networks to enable applications and services unavailable over the commercial Internet Commercial entities (high perf. connectivity) 4/28/2019

Unique features of Internet2 environment Per capita available bandwidth O(10-100) higher than over the commercial Internet TCP flows of 0.5 Gbps possible Active advanced service deployment efforts Native multicast most widely deployed Commitment to open network management and active measurement Collaborative relationship with GigaPoPs and research university campus technical communities Commitment to the original end-to-end architecture and performance visions 4/28/2019

Abilene – February, 2001 Inflection point in network development OC-48c (2.5 Gbps) IP-over-SONET backbone 53 current and pending connections in 32 states 175+ participants in 47 states and D.C. Ongoing strong partnership Cisco, Nortel, Qwest, Indiana Univ., ITECs (NC and OH) Increasing backbone utilization Characteristic exponential growth O(OC-12c) peak utilization on some links Traffic doubling time: 7 months 4/28/2019

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A new perspective on utilization “Why worry? Abilene only has 10-25% utilization on an OC-48c (2.5 Gbps) backbone” But we have exponential growth! “September surprise” in academic nets Excess capacity is needed to motivate and to enable paradigmatic apps & services Last week’s Nisqually earthquake reminded me that outside of the Richter scale, we don’t think exponentially on a daily basis 4/28/2019

“Postel scale” A means to stop thinking linearly about Internet bandwidth utilization P = 3 + log10(Utilization/Capacity) Typical values (range: 3  -infinity) 100% (saturation) P=3 10% P=2 … 0.1% P=0 (floor?) 4/28/2019

Two years later… A backbone is exceeding 30% utilization Network manager: “Yikes, our backbone is now running at 2.5 out of a possible 3 on the Postel Scale” CIO: “Wow, thanks for catching this. Let’s get that upgrade started now.” 4/28/2019

Abilene annual connection fees Previous New OC-3c $110,000 ($110,000) SONET & ATM OC-12c $320,000 $270,000 SONET $280,000 ATM/1 PVC & 1 BGP peering $290,000 ATM OC-48c $495,000 $430,000 SONET 4/28/2019

End-to-End (e2e) Performance Initiative Human to Human Collaboration Experience User perception EYEBALL Application CORE APP Operating system Host IP stack STACK Host network card Local Area Network (LAN) JACK Campus backbone network Campus connection to regional network/GigaPoP GigaPoP connection to Internet2 national backbone International connections 4/28/2019

New telecom business models Kudos to NET@EDU Bandwidth Pricing Group Carriers - two emerging service models  providers Network host (dim fiber/condominium) Traders Bandwidth as the new fungible unit Should accelerate provisioning - velocity Basis for a national testbed? Little altruism (cf. Calif. energy crisis) 4/28/2019

Gigapop Transport Options: Topics for future discussion RoW, conduit, dark & dim fiber, ’s IRU arrangements Optical technologies (amps, repeaters, DWDM, optical switching) DWDM interoperability  10 Gigabit Ethernet vs. OC-192c Strategic carrier hotel development Collocation for interconnection, peering (not data centers) 4/28/2019

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Next steps for Abilene Continuing advanced service deployment Playing our part in E2E Performance Initiative Ongoing planning for Network of the Future Close collaboration with the Gigapops and new fiber intiatives Expanding access to broader education community in support of advanced networking 4/28/2019

For more information corbato@internet2.edu www.internet2.edu/abilene www.internet2.edu/e2eperf 4/28/2019