Genetics Vocabulary Review for SUMMATIVE #1… Genetics Vocabulary Review for SUMMATIVE #1… **You will have a mini summative test over this info on TUESDAY, 3/2! (Study these notes & DNA info on blog)

Copy on a sheet of NB paper! 3-2-18 1. What are the “steps” of the DNA ladder made of? 2. What is the shape of DNA? Chemical bases A, T, C, G (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) Double helix 4/22/2019

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Vocabulary Review trait -A physical characteristic. heredity -The passing of traits from parents to offspring. genetics - The scientific study of heredity. 4/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Which of the following is an example of a trait? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) Bb B.) Talking loud C.) Brown eyes D.) Tying shoes E.)

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Genes are the factors that control Traits. (segments of DNA) EX of Gene: Dog’s tail shape Alleles are the different forms of Genes. EX of Alleles: Bushy tail, stubby tail, long tail Individual Alleles control the inheritance of Traits. An offspring receives one allele from each parent. 4/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

What is the term for factors that control traits? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) Genes B.) Purebreds C.) Recessives D.) Parents E.)

Which term refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) Traits B.) Offspring C.) Generations D.) Hybrids E.)

Free template from www.brainybetty.com DOMINANT & recessive: A dominant allele is one whose trait always shows up in an organism when the allele is present. - capital letter (AA, Aa) A recessive allele is covered up when the dominant allele is present. - lower case letter (aa) 4/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Let’s Practice on a sheet of paper- R is the dominant allele for a one eyed monster. r is the recessive allele for a monster with two eyes. If the problem says this…. You stop and jot down the info seen below! R = one eyed monster r = two eyed monster 4/22/2019

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Phenotype Phenotype is an organisms physical appearance or its visible traits. Example: a pea plant stem height can be short or tall. Example 2: one eyed or two eyed monster 4/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Genotype Genotype is an organisms genetic makeup, or allele combination. Example: TT, Tt, tt 4/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Monster Genetics Genotype = Rr How many eyes will our monster have? (list its phenotype!) 4/22/2019

Monster Genetics Genotype = RR How many eyes will our monster have? (list its phenotype!) 4/22/2019

Monster Genetics Genotype = rr How many eyes will our monster have? (list its phenotype!) 4/22/2019

What does the notation TT mean to geneticists? F Multiple Choice iRespond Question A.) Two dominant alleles B.) Two recessive alleles tt C.) No dominant alleles tt D.) One dominant and one recessive allele Tt E.)

Describing Genotypes: Homozygous (or Purebred) is used to describe an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait. “Homo”= SAME - Example: TT and tt Heterozygous (or Hybrid) is used to describe an organism with two different alleles. “Hetero”= DIFFERENT - Example: Tt 4/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Pick the answer that best describes "Aa". iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) Homozygous/Purebred B.) Heterozygous/Hybrid C.) D.) E.)

Pick the answer that best describes "AA". iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) Homozygous/Purebred B.) Heterozygous/Hybrid C.) D.) E.)

Pick the answer that best describes “aa". iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) Homozygous/Purebred B.) Heterozygous/Hybrid C.) D.) E.)

Punnett Squares A Punnett square is a chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross. Remember: Each box on Punnett square represents 25% of the whole (100%) 4/22/2019

Probability The mathematical chance or likelihood that an event will occur. 4/22/2019

Stop HERE & complete #1-3 on the back of sheet with a pencil!! We will complete the last two words LATER ON…They are exceptions to the rule! DO NOT study codominance & incomplete dominance at all! 4/22/2019 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Genetics Practice Problems Check your answers to #1-3 using the next slides. 4/22/2019

You do NOT have to solve ANY problems on the test TUESDAY, 3/6… BUT…if you’d like to try a few to see how well you understand the key terms for summative part 2… keep going on this Power Point!  4/22/2019

Punnett Problems (for extra practice on summative #2 later!) Yellow (G) is dominant over Green (g). What is the probability that the offspring will be yellow if one parent is homozygous yellow and one parent is homozygous green? First…write the dominant & recessive traits: G = yellow g = green Next determine the parent’s genotypes: “homo” means same & yellow tells us use uppercase (dominant) G. GG “homo” means same & green tells us use lowercase (recessive) g. gg 4/22/2019

Punnett Problems (for extra practice on summative #2 later!) In purple people eaters, one-horn (H) is dominant and no horns (h) is recessive. Draw a Punnett Square showing the cross of a purple people eater that is hybrid for horns, with a purple people eater that does not have horns. H = 1 horn h = no horns 4/22/2019

Answer Hybrids have two different alleles for one trait. Hh is the hybrid in the example. “No horns” would have to be “hh” because it is a recessive allele. 4/22/2019