Anna-Riitta Hänninen, BSc a, Jari H

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A novel wheat gliadin as a cause of exercise-induced anaphylaxis

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Increased allergen production in turnip (Brassica rapa) by treatments activating defense mechanisms Anna-Riitta Hänninen, BSc a, Jari H. Mikkola, MSc b, Nisse Kalkkinen, PhD c, Kristiina Turjanmaa, MD d, Leea Ylitalo, MD d, Timo Reunala, MD d,e, Timo Palosuo, MD a Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 104, Issue 1, Pages 194-201 (July 1999) DOI: 10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70135-1 Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Binding of IgE to proteins of turnip extracts in immunoblotting and total protein staining of corresponding samples. Molecular weights were determined by using standards of Amersham. The electrophoretic mobilities of the molecular weight markers are marked on the right side, and the calculated molecular weights of the IgE-binding proteins are marked on the left side of the illustration. A, Immunoblotting shows IgE binding to the 14- and 25-kd turnip protein bands from pooled sera of selected patients allergic to NRL. B, Total protein staining shows remarkable variability between the number and intensities of protein bands in samples that were treated differently. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1999 104, 194-201DOI: (10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70135-1) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Inhibition of antibody binding to proteins from pooled turnip extracts by different concentrations of NRL, prohevein, and hevein. Concentrations of inhibitor used are, in lanes a to f, 0, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 μg/mL, respectively. IgE binding from pooled sera of selected patients allergic to NRL to the 14- and 25-kd turnip protein bands is inhibited by NRL (A) and purified prohevein (B). Purified hevein inhibits the binding of IgE from a patient allergic to hevein to the 25-kd turnip protein band (C) and binding of IgG from a hevein-immunized rabbit to the same protein band (D). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1999 104, 194-201DOI: (10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70135-1) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Purification of the most prominently IgE-binding turnip protein. A, Reversed-phase chromatography of a chitin affinity-purified turnip extract reveals 1 protein peak. B, SDS-PAGE shows that fractions a and b collected from reversed-phase chromatography contained a protein band of 25 kd (determined mass, 18.7 kd). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1999 104, 194-201DOI: (10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70135-1) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 IgE binding to the purified 18.7-kd turnip protein in ELISA. Sera from 30 of 34 (88%) adults and 21 of 26 (81%) children allergic to NRL and previously shown to have IgE against prohevein showed IgE binding, whereas all control sera (n = 62) remained negative. Threshold value for positivity (mean OD value + 3 SD of the control sera) is indicated by the dotted line . Patients with histories of multiple surgical operations are marked with open circles . Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1999 104, 194-201DOI: (10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70135-1) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 ELISA-inhibition experiments with hevein, prohevein, and the turnip 18.7-kd protein. Inhibition of IgE binding from pooled sera of 12 patients allergic to NRL to the turnip 18.7-kd protein (A) and prohevein (B) is shown. An unrelated allergen, ovalbumin, was used as a control. Range between duplicate measurements is indicated by vertical bars. Note that hevein, prohevein, and the 18.7-kd turnip protein all inhibited IgE binding to the solid-phase antigens used, but the shapes of the inhibition curves suggest that most of the cross-reacting IgE molecules have stronger affinity to hevein and prohevein than to the 18.7-kd turnip protein. The curves showing the inhibition caused by hevein end in distinct plateau phases at the points of about 80% (A) and 25% (B) inhibition, indicating that the cross-reactivity between hevein and other antigens is only partial. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1999 104, 194-201DOI: (10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70135-1) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions