An Introduction to Anatomy A11RCM/Dissection/01 Thoracic wall, Pectoral muscles, Pleural Cavity and Lung in situ SCRUBS: An Introduction to Anatomy By Chandar Jaipal

A lot of people have this expression on their face when it comes to anatomy, that where SCRUBS help make more sense and explain what is written in Moore and Agurs Essential Clinical Anatomy (mark scheme for the exam). You have to wear your lab coat in the DR and when at dissecting, you should wear an apron and gloves.

Learning outcomes: Contents Know the key features of the anatomical position Understand the concept of anatomical planes Understand how to use key anatomical terminology Contents Anatomical Position Anatomical Plane Anatomical Terminology Terminology of Movement Spinal Roots Skin and Fascia Radiology Rules Quiz Advice

The Anatomical Position: Head and eyes facing forward Arms by side Palms facing forward Legs close together Toes pointing forward Think patient lying down on a table. All anatomical descriptions are based on this position!! In the anatomical position the tongue is sticking up and the penis is erect.

The Anatomical Planes: Sagittal plane Vertical plane Median plane/Midsagittal plane Midclavicular plane/line Coronal plane Plane dividing body into front and back Think CROWN Transverse plane Horizontal plane Sagittal plane Vertical plane Median plane/Midsagittal plane – special sagittal plane that run straight down the middle of the body (dividing the body to equal right and left halves) Another key sagittal plane is the midclavicular plane/line which runs through the middle of the clavicle Coronal plane Plane dividing body into front and back Think – its is the plane your hands move in when you put on a Crown Transverse plane Horizontal plane

Anatomical Terminology: Superior (cranial) Medial Proximal Anterior/Ventral Posterior/Dorsal Lateral Distal Superficial Deep Superior or cranial – located higher up Inferior or caudal – located lower down Medial – located closer to the median line/plane Lateral – located further away from the median line/plane Proximal – located closer to the core of the body Distal – located further away from the core of the body Anterior or ventral – located anteriorly Posterior or dorsal – located posteriorly Superficial – located closer to skin (skin is the most superficial structure) Deep – located further away from the skin, and so deeper into the body Inferior (caudal)

Terminology of Movement: Flexion and Extension Abduction and Adduction Medial rotation and Lateral rotation Circumduction Pronation and Supination Mid-pronation Elevation and Depression Flexion – moving to bend joint Extension – moving to straighten joint Abduction – moving away from median line/plane (away = subtract) Adduction – moving towards median line/plane (towards = addition) Medial rotation – rotating towards median line/plane Lateral rotation – rotating away from median line/plane Circumduction – moving a joint in a circular manner Pronation – moving hands to face palm down (mid-pronation is the midpoint between pronation and supination) Supination – moving hands to face palm up Elevation – moving up Depression – moving down

Spinal Roots: Cervical – C1-C8 Thoracic – T1-T12 Lumbar – L1-L5 Sacral – S1-S5 Coccygeal This should be revision from your previous lectures.

Skin and Fascia: Skin Superficial Fascia Fatty layer Membranous layer Deep Fascia Muscle/Organ/Bone etc Skin Superficial fascia – mainly fat, sometimes has a membranous layer (not always) Deep fascia – fibrous layer, think of something the layer that surrounds a segment of an orange Can have multiple layers, e.g.. Different layers between muscles (like how the segments of an orange are separated)

Radiology Rules for Transverse cross sections: Imagine person lying down on table In supine position You are standing at the end of the table with the feet Imagine cross sections through body NB: Always use persons Right and Left

QUIZ A B Which plane is the cross section in A? Coronal plane Which plane is the cross section in B? Sagittal, more specifically… the Median plane Best to do the quiz in “Slide Show”. A B

Advice: Moore and Agur is the mark scheme teachmeanatomy.info Acland Anatomy Videos BioDigital Human Complete task book in DR Checklist RESPECT your cadaver

Thanks for Listening @nottinghamscrubs @scrubsnottingham @SCRUBSNotts References: Essential Clinical Anatomy – Moore and Agur Google Images teachmeanatomy.info KenHub Any Questions? Email me mzycj3@nottingham.ac.uk @nottinghamscrubs @scrubsnottingham @SCRUBSNotts