Removal of the superficial zone of bovine articular cartilage does not increase its frictional coefficient R. Krishnan, M. Caligaris, R.L. Mauck, C.T.

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Removal of the superficial zone of bovine articular cartilage does not increase its frictional coefficient R. Krishnan, M. Caligaris, R.L. Mauck, C.T. Hung, K.D. Costa, G.A. Ateshian Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 12, Issue 12, Pages 947-955 (December 2004) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2004.08.009 Copyright © 2004 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Schematic of friction device. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2004 12, 947-955DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.08.009) Copyright © 2004 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Average curves showing variation of the effective friction coefficient (μeff) as a function of time for (a) test 1 and test 2 in control and treated groups from experiment 1; (b) test 1 and test 2 in control and treated groups from experiment 2; (c) friction tests on articular surface and corresponding side opposite the surface (microtomed deep zone) from experiment 3. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2004 12, 947-955DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.08.009) Copyright © 2004 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Summary of frictional results from surface removal tests. Microtomed specimens are in test 2 of the treated group. (a) μmin; (b) μeq; *P≤0.001. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2004 12, 947-955DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.08.009) Copyright © 2004 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Average compressive strain response (creep displacement/original thickness) over all specimens in experiment 2, for test 1 and test 2 of the treated group (before and after surface removal). The creep strain was 0.645±0.082 in test 1 and 0.653±0.157 in test 2, with no statistical difference observed (P=0.91). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2004 12, 947-955DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.08.009) Copyright © 2004 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Immunohistochemistry: Fluorescent images of representative samples from (a, b) group I and (c, d) group II, showed SZP present at the articular surface and within the superficial zone; (e, f) group III (microtomed surface) and (g, h) group III (microtomed deep zone) showed negligible SZP at the microtomed surface or the deep zone. (a, c, e, g) 20× magnification, scale bar=100μm; (b, d, f, h) 50× magnification, scale bar=50μm. Arrow indicates surface of interest in each image. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2004 12, 947-955DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.08.009) Copyright © 2004 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Atomic force microscopy: (a, b) Intact articular surface from group 1; (c, d) microtomed surface zone from group 2; (e, f) microtomed deep zone from group 3. Z-direction scale bar=5μm. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2004 12, 947-955DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.08.009) Copyright © 2004 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions