Sangam Society Tribes in Tamilagam

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 3 Section 4 The Phoenicians
Advertisements

AP World History POD #2 Cradle of Civilization
Chapter 5 – Ancient Kush Section Notes Video Maps History Close-up
  Hunter/gatherers  Survive by hunting  Most existed in the part, but some survive today  Depended on their immediate environment  Nomadic  Labor.
Kush and Egypt The Big Idea
The Economy – trade and commerce Hannah McManus Trade Commercial buildings Agricultural and Manufactured goods.
Ancient Egypt: The Rule of The God King
Chapter 4 Section 4 The Greeks Lived a Rich and Varied Life Objectives How did the Olympic Games begin? What kinds of products did the Greek manufacturers.
Worlds of the North & South April 4-5, Objective: Students will identify and describe key elements of Northern geography, economy, transportation,
Ancient Egypt. Geography Nile River floods with regularity Silt replenishes soil Water nourishes new crops protected by sea, desert, & river cataracts.
Mesopotamian Civilization
Ancient Rome Life in Ancient Rome.
Ancient Rome Life in Ancient Rome. Key Terms Gladiators Colosseum.
Most Egyptians worked as field hands, farmers, craftsmen, and scribes Few were nobles Daily life depended on the Nile River which provided rich soil.
STRUCTURE AZTEC SOCIETY. SOCIAL SYSTEMS & WORLDVIEW Aztec society was highly structured, based on agriculture and trade, and guided by religion. They.
AZTEC SOCIETY Mr. Ralston | Social Studies 8-Beginning of Chapter 8-pg
16.2.  Mostly an agricultural society  85% = small farmers  China experienced an extreme population increase ◦ Improvements in food supply (faster.
Lifestyles of Rich and Poor in Ancient China
Ancient Civilizations
Chapter 27 Athens & Sparta.
Economics Unit Study Guide
SSUSH2 The student will trace the ways that the economy and society of British North America developed.
A Brief History of Marriage & Mate Selection
First Civilizations.
Ancient Canaan & The Phoenicians
Post-Harappan Indus Valley Civilization
Chapter 4: Section 5 Ancient Kush
Life in Ancient Rome.
Economic and Social Development of the Colonies
Ancient Greece: Economy and Society
Representing the forces of nature. No organized priesthood.
Sea Roads: Exchange Across the Indian Ocean
The Southern Colonies The first permanent English settlement in the Americas was Jamestown; Virginia. Jamestown was founded as a commercial town by a.
Political Organization
Geography of Greece and It’s Influences
The Mauryan Empire, 324 – 184 BCE
What Was the Renaissance?
Government, Trade, and Religion
Where did the first civilizations develop?
Growth of Trade and Towns
Invaders, Traders, Empire Builders
Economics Unit Study Guide
Kingdoms, Trade, & Slavery Ch.11, 14 sec. 2 & 15 sec. 4&5
Egypt—Kush 4.5 Mr. Burton.
Chapter 5 – Ancient Kush Section Notes Video Maps History Close-up
Ancient Rome.
Ancient Greece B.C.E..
Unit 1: From West Africa to the Early Americas (Ancient Times – 1763)
Chapter 5 – Ancient Kush Section Notes Video Maps History Close-up
Systems of Social Structure and Gender structure
Ancient Kush.
Japan 5-3 Life in Medieval Japan.
SOCIAL CONDITIONS DURING THE SANGAM AGE
LATER PANDIYA ECONOMIC CONDITION
Aztec Society.
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS DURING THE PALLAVAS
Economic Condition under Pallavas
Ancient Greece.
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS DURING THE SANGAM AGE .
Mayan Society Taylor/Domerese.
NAYAK’S ECONOMIC CONDITION
Ancient Canaan & The Phoenicians
PANDYA’S SOCIETY.
Middle ages – the Age of Exploration
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS DURING THE PALLAVAS
Social Conditions during the Pallavas
The Kingdom of Kush/Nubia: 3800 BCE to 1400 CE
Sparta and Athens.
Mesopotamian Culture.
Presentation transcript:

Sangam Society Tribes in Tamilagam Sangam Lietrature major evidences to prove the social activities of the Sangam People. Tolkappiyam, Kalittogai and Ainkurunuru mentions various tribes and their occupations and cultural life. Hunters and Robbers were mentioned as Vedar and Eyinar. Fishermen were called as Paratavar or Minavar Panar – Wandering groups, Tudiars and Paraiyars were used to beat drums to announce royal orders Maravars were professional fighters or warriors. Kallars were robbers. The above mentioned tribes were treated low status in the social order.

Brahmins played major role and maintained supreme place in the social structure. Merchant Community – Vaisiyas (Puhar was great city for Vaisiyas) Chetti – commercial communities; Vellalas –agriculturalists ; Umanars – Salt manufacturers and sellers Kollan –Blaksmith; Porkollan – goldsmith Tachchan – carpenter.

Status of Women Women were not treated equally with men Legal and social equality between men and women were rare Rarely women were respected and considered gods and were worshiped in temple. Cheran Senguttuvan, constructed a temple for Kannagi in 2nd century A.D Girls who attained the age were treated separately Importance given to karpu or chastity of women. Marriage – Happiest occasion for all women Husband –considered as God. Don’t have rights to involve husband’s decision making. Best example; Silappathigaram Character of women was given more importance.

Types of Marriages Ancient form of Marriage was known as Kalavu which mentioned in the Sangam literature. It is basic foundation of family life. Love was the basic of marriage but arrange marriage prevalent. Aintinai Kaikilai Peruntinai Tali – symbol of marriage System of giving dowry was not prominent Child Marriage allowed or practiced (Kovalan (16) and Kannagi(12) married their very young age) Megasthanese mentioned his travel account about the child marriage prevalent in Sangam period.

Sati Tolkappiyam mentioned the custom of a wife killing herself immediately after the death of her husband. Widow treated very badly severe restrictions imposed on them. Eating of betal leaves was prohibited. Should wear pure white cloth and not allowed to attend any social functions. The Courtesans Known as Parattaiyar or Kanigaiyar. occupation prostitution experts in 64 arts Two Types 1. Professional prostitutes (lived separately Cheri-parattaiyar) 2. Kadar-parattiyar (expert in dance. only for pleasure, without entering into wedlock)

Sangam Economy King- owner of the entire land Agriculture was their main proffession Self-Sufficient society Major River: Palar, Pennar, Kaveri, Vaigai & Tamaraparani Tamil Society divided into rich, poor and intermediate class based on their wealth. Economy of Sangam age decided by the development of agriculture, nature of the industry, growth of trade and commerce.

Agriculture Chief occupation of the people Marudham land fit for agriculture Paddy chief products, coconuts, varieties of corn, plantains, sugarcane and cotton also. Owner of the land and tiller of the soil known as Vellalas. men who cultivated the soil – Ulavar. His wife called Ulathy or Ulattiyar. Agriculturists had to pay tax (1/6 of the produce) to the king or govt. Tax relaxation – natural calamities Brahmadhayam – tax- free land or exempted from taxation

Industry Well developed in the field of Industries and crafts After Agriculture, Spinning and weaving were given importance. Women spent their spare time in spinning cotton threads Uraiyur and Madurai chief centres of Handloom industry. Kanchi- center of Textile industry. Dyeing industry was developed which closely connected with spinning and weaving. Produced high quality cotton, silk and woollen fabrics.

Silk, cotton, Wollen cloths were sold in Madurai city Exported to Ceylon, Burma, Malaya, Roman and greek countries Textile dealers were known as aruvai-vaniyar, (cutting the cloths into several pieces) Tailors – ‘tunikarans’ Pearl fishing another important industry in Pandyan kingdom. Rope making, manufacture of leather and bangles Fishing and salt manufacturing was the main occupation of sea- coast region.

Trade Internal Trade Biggest towns, there were established markets or bazaars. Two types of Markets: Nalankadi (morning market) Allankadi (evening market) Silpapadikaram gives detailed description of the markets in the city of Puhar. Internal trade was mainly based on the barter system. Paddy was the most commonly accepted medium of exchange. Textiles, Copper wares, wooden articles, gold ornaments, dolls, perfumes, flowers, salt, oil and fish. Traders were settled in separate streets. Traders association called Vanikachchattu or ‘chambers of Commerce’ for protecting traders. Tolls were collected from cart.

Foreign Trade Great demands in foreign countries. Pepper, ginger, rice, turmeric, pearls, cotton fabrics etc. Brisk trade with foreign countries Commercial Contacts with Egypt, Rome, Burma, Malaya, Java, Sumatra and China. Strabo gave authentic information about the trade relations between Rome and Pandyan kingdom. ‘Yavanas’ Roman traders initially settled in Puhar. Later they entred into royal services as body-guards, palace guards and guards in the military camps. Ship-building was a native industry. Ship called ‘Marakkalam’ Pattinappalai – harbour of Puhar