Injuries and Ligaments Synovial joints Injuries and Ligaments

Learning goals I will be able to identify ligaments in various joints. I will be able to identify articulating bones in various joints. I will be able to identify common joint injuries.

Joint injuries Strain: muscle and tendon tear Sprain: ligament strain occur when joint forced past the point of restriction in its range of motion. result is a stretching or total tearing of one or more of the connective tissues.

sprains classified according to their severity 1st Degree: stretch or tear of less than 25% of the fibres some pain, minimum loss of function, mild point tenderness little or no swelling, no abnormal motion 2nd Degree: a tear of 25% to 75% of the fibres pain, moderate loss of function, swelling, slight instability possible

sprains 3rd Degree: severe – a complete tearing of the fibres very painful, a major loss of function instability, tenderness, and swelling joints most vulnerable to sprains in sports are ankles, knees and shoulders.

Shoulder joint glenohumeral joint relatively unstable allowing for all kinds of movement scapula (glenoid fossa), humerus and indirectly the clavicle

Shoulder ligaments superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments SGHL – adduction MGHL – external rotation IGHL – internal/external rotation and abduction all three articulate with the glenoid cavity of scapula and humerus

Elbow joint hinge between humerus and radius/ulna

ulnar (ulna and humerus) and radial (radius and humerus) collateral ligaments extension

Ankle joint hinge distal ends of tibia and fibula resting on talus plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

Deltoid Ligament Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular and Tibia Calcaneofibular Ligament Calcaneus and Fibula Anterior Talofibular Ligament Talus and Fibula

Ankle injuries inversion eversion most common rolling over on your ankle or twisted ankle unstable ankle in plantar flexion rare due to strength of deltoid Clip 1 Clip 2

Hip joint articulation of the rounded head of the femur and the cup-like acetabulum of the pelvis

Hip joint iliofemoral ishciofemoral pubofemoral Illium (Pelvis) and Femur ishciofemoral Ishium (Pelvis) and Femur pubofemoral Pubis (Pelvis) and Femur all three ligaments strengthen joint and limit excessive movement

Knee joint femur and tibia hinge (flex/extend) or ellipsoid (rotation)

ACL – stops anterior movement of tibia PCL – stops posterior movement of tibia MCL – provides medial stability LCL – provides lateral stability

Knee injuries Beware the Injury!

Learning goals I will be able to identify ligaments in various joints. I will be able to identify articulating bones in various joints. I will be able to identify common joint injuries.

Please complete (150-153) Osteoarthritis, bursitis, cartilage damage, sprains, dislocations and separations are common joint ailments. Design a table to compare and contrast these ailments in terms of causes, signs or symptoms and treatment. What is the P.I.E.R principle? Based on your participation in your favourite physical activity or sports, to which joint injuries or diseases would you predict you might be most vulnerable to? What precautions can you take to avoid these injuries?

ASSIGNMENT #1 - create the elbow (HINGE) joint ANT LAT POST

ASSIGNMENT #2- create the radial-ulnar (PIVOT) joint ANTERIOR

ASSIGNMENT #3- create the shoulder (BALL & SOCKET) joint ANT LAT

ASSIGNMENT #4- create the knee (HINGE) joint ANT LAT

ASSIGNMENT #5- create the HIP (BALL & SOCket) joint