Colonial America

First European Contacts w/Native Americans A. Iroquois Confederacy Political and linguistic differences were a problem when attempting to respond to European threat IC was the most important and powerful Native American alliance that ended generations of warfare Trade & Columbian Exchange Foods, plants, animals & disease between North Amer. & Europe -Native Americans become dependent on fur trade with increasing contact -Smallpox, measles decimated native populations

Similarities & Differences Both lived in village communities Native Americans did not share the English concept of private property Both shared strong sense of spirituality Matrilineal society Both divided labor by gender Both depended on agricultural economies

Plantation Colonies Virginia Company Joint Stock company Primary goal is to make a profit Religious motivation was less important than in Maryland, PA, RI and Mass Tobacco!! Made Chesapeake region economically viable By mid-1700s, tobacco was most valuable cash crop in the Southern states

Plantation colonies & slavery From servitude to slavery- Chesapeake 1607-1690 Indentured servants played a key role in growth of tobacco system in VA & MD as chief source of labor Planters use headright system- pay for passage of another and get extra 50 acres Slaves increase late 17th century as white indentured servants are replaced

Bacon’s Rebellion 1676 Exposed tensions between the former indentured servants, who were poor, and the rich As planters became more suspicious of their former indentured servants, they turned to slaves as more reliable sources of labor

Growth of plantation economies and slave societies Tobacco required cheap labor Slavery is legally established in all 13 colonies by the early 1700s Although enslaved Africans maintained African cultural practices Rice was most important crop grown in South Carolina during the mid 18th century Stono Rebellion was one of the earliest known acts of rebellion against slavery in America. Organized and led by slaves living south of Charleston, SC. Tried to flee to Spanish FL

Puritans Key Facts: New England families escaping political repression, religious restrictions and economic recession John Winthrop leader Small villages surrounded by farmland Connection between church & state Trained & educated ministry- colleges=Harvard & Yale “City on a Hill”=model society to build ideal Christian society Strict code of moral conduct Immigrate for religious freedom yet did not tolerate religious dissent or diversity Expelled Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams (RI)

Half-Way Covenant As time passed, Puritan’s religious zeal began to diminish Half-Way Covenant eased requirements for church membership by allowing the baptism of the children of baptized but unconverted Puritans TEST TIP: APUSH writers admire dissidents like Anne Hutchinson and think you should remember them too

1st Grt Awakening Key Points to remember: AP TEST TIP: 1st Grt Awakening has appeared on five of the six released tests- Pay especially close attention to the consequences 1st Grt Awakening Key Points to remember: Took the form of a wave of religious revivals in New England in the 1730s The wave soon swept across all the colonies during the 1740s New Light ministers advocated an emotional approach to religious practice and weakened the authority of traditional Old Light ministers and established churches New Light ministers: -Promoted the growth of New Light institutions of higher ed like Princeton -Sparked renewed missionary spirit & converted many slaves -Led to greater appreciation for emotional experiences of faith -divisions between Presbyterian and Congregational churches -increased number of women in church

Pennsylvania & the Quakers William Penn Liberal colony Freedom of religion No state sponsored church Pacifists Freedom of worship Greater role for women in church Opposed slavery and one of first abolitionists

Colonial society on eve of Revolution Keys: Wealth Non-English settlers like Germans, Scots-Irish Religious diversity Slavery was accepted labor system & legally established Colonies cities functioned as mercantile centers for the benefit of England= mercantilism. Colonial port cities were to export raw materials and import finished goods Navigation Acts- list of colonial products to be shipped only to England Salutary Neglect- left alone, colonies drifted from England & traded with others

Women in Colonial America Colonial women lost control of property when they married No separate legal identity apart from husband In this time period, single women & widows had the right to own property Writers: Anne Bradstreet first notable American poet & first woman to be published Phillis Wheatley- first published African American poet and created a genre of African American literature