Who are Latina/os? Who are Chicana/os? How are we counted? January 16, 2019 Profe. Matt A. Barreto Chicana/o Studies 10B

Who are Latinos? Who are Hispanics? Those with ancestors from origins in which Spanish is a significant and often dominant language About two dozen nations in the Western Hemisphere fit this description What countries may not necessarily “fit” this very general description? UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

Who are Chicanas y Chicanos? Those with ancestors from origins in the U.S. Southwest, and… ? ? ? UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

Who are Latinos? Who are Hispanics? Census first counts Hispanic in 1970 “is this person’s origin or descent: Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, Other Spanish, No None of These” Other terms used by Census 1930: Mexican; 1940: Spanish mother tongue 1950/60: Spanish surname UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

The History of the U.S. Census and Race 1940 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7 /76/1940_census_form_large.jpg 1950 https://broadcast.census.gov/pio/photos/1950/1950a _hi.jpg UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

1970 Census

1970 Census

1980 Census 1980 - 90 forms

1990 Census

The Census and Citizenship Status Collecting data on citizenship status Stopped collecting data after 1950 on the decennial census Started collecting data on the annual ACS in 2006 Citizenship status data can be used for voting rights and redistricting Courts and Redistricting committees often ask that majority- minority districts be drawn based on CVAP Currently this is done with Census ACS data UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

The Census and Citizenship Status In 2020 the Census plans to add citizenship Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross claims this is to aid the Department of Justice in voting rights (March 2018) Opponents claim it is being used to intimidate immigrants and reduce the true population count Citizenship question is now tied up in Court 3 Federal lawsuits took place in NY, CA, MD 2018-19 UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

The Census and Citizenship Status Can the Census add any question it wants? Census Bureau has strict guidelines for how any changes are to be implemented Typically the decennial census is pre-tested over 10 years Will the citizenship question harm the data? Will participation be reduced? Will the data be of lower quality? How will the impact California? UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

The Census and Citizenship Status Can the Census fix the problem? Non Response Follow Up (NRFU) Imputation When will it be decided? NY case will likely receive a decision soon All decisions will be appealed, eventually to SCOTUS UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

Who are Latinos? Who are Hispanics? Race versus Ethnicity? Is race socially constructed? Doesn’t it just mean ethnic group identity? Afro-Latinos? Indigenous roots 400 years ago, but also today UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

Race versus Ethnicity? Who are Latinos? Who are Hispanics? UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

Inclusion or Exclusion? According to prominent Chicano scholars Gabriel Sanchez and Chris Garcia: A new dichotomy is emerging with respect to Latinos “Hispanics are hip, hot, and what’s happening politically…” Latino influence is threatening America’s core values/culture This dichotomy continues today more than ever… UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

Inclusion or Exclusion? UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

Are Chicanos represented? Does the political system address a Chicano agenda? Is there even such a thing as a “Latino agenda”? Are Latinos able to have equal inputs into the system? Do the outputs of the system proportionately reflect Latino interests? UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

Are Latinos incorporated? Traditional understanding of race, ethnicity, immigration does not apply well to Chicanos, Hispanos, Latinos European assimilation model Oppressed racial group model Need a better model in between Our history and presence in the U.S. is complex Pre-date British settlements in Florida & New Mexico Mexican-American War in 1848 Newer migration in the last 20 years UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

Latino America: Unity and Diversity Latino population is increasing very rapidly Latinos are a very diverse population At the same time, Latino unity is growing UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

Demographic Change in American Life 103 56 9.6

The untapped Latino electorate Eligible Registered UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

Median age by ethnicity 2016 U.S. Census, American Community Survey, 5-year estimates UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

Median age by ethnicity 2016 U.S. Census, American Community Survey, 5-year estimates UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

Median age by ethnicity 2016 U.S. Census, American Community Survey, 5-year estimates UCLA – Winter 2019 – Chicana/o Studies 10B – Prof. Matt A. Barreto

Geographic distribution

Demographic Change in American Life

Demographic Change in American Life

Demographic Change in American Life

Demographic Change in American Life

Signs of Unity

2006 Immigration Rallies Source: Latino Policy Coalition national poll of Latinos, June 2006

2006 Immigration Rallies Source: Latino Policy Coalition national poll of Latinos, June 2006

Arizona’s SB 1070 Source: Latino Decisions Arizona Poll, sponsored by National Council of La Raza, May2010

Arizona’s SB 1070 Source: Latino Decisions Arizona Poll, sponsored by National Council of La Raza, May2010

Arizona’s SB 1070 Source: Latino Decisions Arizona Poll, sponsored by National Council of La Raza, May2010

Arizona’s SB 1070 Source: Latino Decisions Arizona Poll, sponsored by National Council of La Raza, May2010

Support for DACA Support for Obama’s executive order: relief from deportation for child arrivals (DACA) Source: Latino Decisions National Poll on Executive Action, sponsored by Center for American Progress, May 2014

Support for DACA Support for Obama’s executive order: relief from deportation for child arrivals (DACA) Source: Latino Decisions National Poll on Executive Action, sponsored by Center for American Progress, May 2014

Support for DACA Support for Obama’s executive order: relief from deportation for child arrivals (DACA) Source: Latino Decisions National Poll on Executive Action, sponsored by Center for American Progress, May 2014

Support for DACA Support for Obama’s executive order: relief from deportation for child arrivals (DACA) Source: Latino Decisions National Poll on Executive Action, sponsored by Center for American Progress, May 2014

Support for DAPA Support for Obama’s executive order: relief from deportation for parents (DAPA) Source: Latino Decisions National Poll on Executive Action, sponsored by: Presente / NALACC / Mi Familia Vota

Looking Forward Is this unity temporary or long-term? What factors could lead to more division within the Latino community? What factors could contribute to continued or stronger unity? How is this similar or different to African Americans?