Identification and pharmacological characterization of a novel inhibitor of autotaxin in rodent models of joint pain  K. Thirunavukkarasu, C.A. Swearingen, J.L. Oskins, C. Lin, H.H. Bui, S.B. Jones, L.A. Pfeifer, B.H. Norman, P.G. Mitchell, M.G. Chambers  Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  Volume 25, Issue 6, Pages 935-942 (June 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.09.006 Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Concentration-dependent inhibition of (a) recombinant human autotaxin, and (b) endogenous human plasma autotaxin by compound-1. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 935-942DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2016.09.006) Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Dose dependent effect of compound-1 in the MIA model (0.3 mg MIA) showing the pain response measured on day 9 at 2 h post compound dosing (a). Dose dependent effect of compound-1 on LPA levels measured in plasma (b). Data for individual animals are shown and estimates of the group means and their respective precision are reported as 95% CI (n = 5/group). Tests of hypothesis comparing each treatment group to vehicle were performed using Dunnett's test and the P values are shown at the bottom of the graph. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 935-942DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2016.09.006) Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Duration of action study with compound-1 in the MIA model (0.3 mg MIA) showing the pain response (a) and LPA levels in plasma (b) measured at the indicated times. Data for individual animals are shown and estimates of the group means and their respective precision are reported as 95% CI (n = 4/group). Tests of hypothesis comparing each treatment group to vehicle over time were performed using repeated measures ANOVA and the P values are shown at the bottom of the graph. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 935-942DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2016.09.006) Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Combination study with compound-1 and the NSAID diclofenac in the MIA model (0.3 mg MIA). Pain was measured at 2 h post dose. Data for individual animals are shown and estimates of the group means and their respective precision are reported as 95% CI (n = 6/group). Tests of hypothesis comparing each treatment group to vehicle were performed using Dunnett's test and the P values are shown at the bottom of the graph. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 935-942DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2016.09.006) Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Effect of compound-1 in the NSAID non-responding MIA model (1 mg MIA). Pain was measured at 2 h post dose. Data for individual animals are shown and estimates of the group means and their respective precision are reported as 95% CI (n = 5/group). Tests of hypothesis comparing each treatment group to vehicle were performed using Dunnett's test and the P values are shown at the bottom of the graph. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 935-942DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2016.09.006) Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Dose response with compound-1 in the meniscal tear model of OA. Pain was measured 2 h post dose on days 1 and 5 of dosing. Data for individual animals are shown and estimates of the group means and their respective precision are reported as 95% CI (n = 4 or 5 per group). Tests of hypothesis comparing each treatment group to vehicle were performed using repeated measures ANOVA and the P values are shown at the bottom of the graph. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 935-942DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2016.09.006) Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Effect of compound-1 in a rat osteotomy model of bone fracture. Pain was measured at 2 h post dose. Data for individual animals are shown and estimates of the group means and their respective precision are reported as 95% CI (n = 6/group). Test of hypothesis comparing the treatment group to vehicle was performed using Dunnett's test (*P = 0.0002). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 935-942DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2016.09.006) Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions